Fuel Cell Fundamentals (Hardcover, 3)

· 제목 : Fuel Cell Fundamentals (Hardcover, 3) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 기술공학 > 기술공학 > 기계공학
· ISBN : 9781119113805
· 쪽수 : 608쪽

PREFACE xi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii

NOMENCLATURE xvii

I FUEL CELL PRINCIPLES

1 Introduction 3

1.1 What Is a Fuel Cell? / 3

1.2 A Simple Fuel Cell / 6

1.3 Fuel Cell Advantages / 8

1.4 Fuel Cell Disadvantages / 11

1.5 Fuel Cell Types / 12

1.6 Basic Fuel Cell Operation / 14

1.7 Fuel Cell Performance / 18

1.8 Characterization and Modeling / 20

1.9 Fuel Cell Technology / 21

1.10 Fuel Cells and the Environment / 21

1.11 Chapter Summary / 22

Chapter Exercises / 23

2 Fuel Cell Thermodynamics 25

2.1 Thermodynamics Review / 25

2.2 Heat Potential of a Fuel: Enthalpy of Reaction / 34

2.3 Work Potential of a Fuel: Gibbs Free Energy / 37

2.4 Predicting Reversible Voltage of a Fuel Cell under Non-Standard-State Conditions / 47

2.5 Fuel Cell Efficiency / 60

2.6 Thermal and Mass Balances in Fuel Cells / 65

2.7 Thermodynamics of Reversible Fuel Cells / 67

2.8 Chapter Summary / 71

Chapter Exercises / 72

3 Fuel Cell Reaction Kinetics 77

3.1 Introduction to Electrode Kinetics / 77

3.2 Why Charge Transfer Reactions Have an Activation Energy / 82

3.3 Activation Energy Determines Reaction Rate / 84

3.4 Calculating Net Rate of a Reaction / 85

3.5 Rate of Reaction at Equilibrium: Exchange Current Density / 86

3.6 Potential of a Reaction at Equilibrium: Galvani Potential / 87

3.7 Potential and Rate: Butler–Volmer Equation / 89

3.8 Exchange Currents and Electrocatalysis: How to Improve Kinetic Performance / 94

3.9 Simplified Activation Kinetics: Tafel Equation / 97

3.10 Different Fuel Cell Reactions Produce Different Kinetics / 100

3.11 Catalyst–Electrode Design / 103

3.12 Quantum Mechanics: Framework for Understanding Catalysis in Fuel Cells / 104

3.13 The Sabatier Principle for Catalyst Selection / 107

3.14 Connecting the Butler–Volmer and Nernst Equations (Optional) / 108

3.15 Chapter Summary / 112

Chapter Exercises / 113

4 Fuel Cell Charge Transport 117

4.1 Charges Move in Response to Forces / 117

4.2 Charge Transport Results in a Voltage Loss / 121

4.3 Characteristics of Fuel Cell Charge Transport Resistance / 124

4.4 Physical Meaning of Conductivity / 128

4.5 Review of Fuel Cell Electrolyte Classes / 132

4.6 More on Diffusivity and Conductivity (Optional) / 153

4.7 Why Electrical Driving Forces Dominate Charge Transport (Optional) / 160

4.8 Quantum Mechanics–Based Simulation of Ion Conduction in Oxide Electrolytes (Optional) / 161

4.9 Chapter Summary / 163

Chapter Exercises / 164

5 Fuel Cell Mass Transport 167

5.1 Transport in Electrode versus Flow Structure / 168

5.2 Transport in Electrode: Diffusive Transport / 170

5.3 Transport in Flow Structures: Convective Transport / 183

5.4 Chapter Summary / 199

Chapter Exercises / 200

6 Fuel Cell Modeling 203

6.1 Putting It All Together: A Basic Fuel Cell Model / 203

6.2 A 1D Fuel Cell Model / 206

6.3 Fuel Cell Models Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (Optional) / 227

6.4 Chapter Summary / 230

Chapter Exercises / 231

7 Fuel Cell Characterization 237

7.1 What Do We Want to Characterize? / 238

7.2 Overview of Characterization Techniques / 239

7.3 In Situ Electrochemical Characterization Techniques / 240

7.4 Ex Situ Characterization Techniques / 265

7.5 Chapter Summary / 268

Chapter Exercises / 269

II FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY

8 Overview of Fuel Cell Types 273

8.1 Introduction / 273

8.2 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell / 274

8.3 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell / 275

8.4 Alkaline Fuel Cell / 278

8.5 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell / 280

8.6 Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell / 282

8.7 Other Fuel Cells / 284

8.8 Summary Comparison / 298

8.9 Chapter Summary / 299

Chapter Exercises / 301

9 PEMFC and SOFC Materials 303

9.1 PEMFC Electrolyte Materials / 304

9.2 PEMFC Electrode/Catalyst Materials / 308

9.3 SOFC Electrolyte Materials / 317

9.4 SOFC Electrode/Catalyst Materials / 326

9.5 Material Stability, Durability, and Lifetime / 336

9.6 Chapter Summary / 340

Chapter Exercises / 342

10 Overview of Fuel Cell Systems 347

10.1 Fuel Cell Subsystem / 348

10.2 Thermal Management Subsystem / 353

10.3 Fuel Delivery/Processing Subsystem / 357

10.4 Power Electronics Subsystem / 364

10.5 Case Study of Fuel Cell System Design: Stationary Combined Heat and Power Systems / 369

10.6 Case Study of Fuel Cell System Design: Sizing a Portable Fuel Cell / 383

10.7 Chapter Summary / 387

Chapter Exercises / 389

11 Fuel Processing Subsystem Design 393

11.1 Fuel Reforming Overview / 394

11.2 Water Gas Shift Reactors / 409

11.3 Carbon Monoxide Clean-Up / 411

11.4 Reformer and Processor Efficiency Losses / 414

11.5 Reactor Design for Fuel Reformers and Processors / 416

11.6 Chapter Summary / 417

Chapter Exercises / 419

12 Thermal Management Subsystem Design 423

12.1 Overview of Pinch Point Analysis Steps / 424

12.2 Chapter Summary / 440

Chapter Exercises / 441

13 Fuel Cell System Design 447

13.1 Fuel Cell Design Via Computational Fluid Dynamics / 447

13.2 Fuel Cell System Design: A Case Study / 462

13.3 Chapter Summary / 476

Chapter Exercises / 477

14 Environmental Impact of Fuel Cells 481

14.1 Life Cycle Assessment / 481

14.2 Important Emissions for LCA / 490

14.3 Emissions Related to Global Warming / 490

14.4 Emissions Related to Air Pollution / 502

14.5 Analyzing Entire Scenarios with LCA / 507

14.6 Chapter Summary / 510

Chapter Exercises / 511

A Constants and Conversions 517

B Thermodynamic Data 519

C Standard Electrode Potentials at 25∘C 529

D Quantum Mechanics 531

D.1 Atomic Orbitals / 533

D.2 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics / 534

D.3 One-Dimensional Electron Gas / 536

D.4 Analogy to Column Buckling / 537

D.5 Hydrogen Atom / 538

D.6 Multielectron Systems / 540

D.7 Density Functional Theory / 540

E Periodic Table of the Elements 543

F Suggested Further Reading 545

G Important Equations 547

H Answers to Selected Chapter Exercises 551

BIBLIOGRAPHY 555

INDEX 565