An Introduction to Behavior Analysis (Hardcover)

· 제목 : An Introduction to Behavior Analysis (Hardcover) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 교육/자료 > 교육 > 행동관리
· ISBN : 9781119126539
· 쪽수 : 464쪽

AN INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

Note: Each chapter includes several brief fill-in-the-blank reading quizzes with answers provided at the back of each chapter.

Chapter 1 - An Introduction to Behavior Analysis- page 1

What Is Behavior? 1

What Is Behavior Analysis? 3

I'm Not Buying It. I Determine My Own Behavior - 8 

What are the Determinants of Behavior? - 15 

The Activities of Behavior Analysists? - 17

Summary - 20 

Answers to Reading Questions - 20 

References - 22

Chapter 2: Understanding Behavioral Research - page 23

Variables - 24

Correlation vs. Causation - 24

Experiments - 25

Measuring Behavior - 27

Outcome Recording - 33

Event Recording - 36

Interval Recording - 39

Duration Recording - 41

Summary - 43

           

Chapter 3: Experimental Designs in Behavior Analysis- page 49

Group Experimental Designs - 49

Single-Subject Experimental Designs - 51

Comparison (A-B) Design- 52

Reversal (A-B-A) Design- 54

Multiple- Baseline Designs- 57

Did Behavior Change? - 64

Summary - 76

Answers to Reading Quiz Questions- 77

References- 80 

Chapter 4: Phylogenetic Behavior and Pavlovian Learning- page 83

Phylogenetically Select Behavior- 83

Pavlovian Learning - 86

Pavlovian Conditioning of Emotions - 89

Principles of Effective Pavlovian Conditioning - 90

What is Learned During Pavlovian Conditioning? - 93

Principles of Effective Pavlovian Conditioning- 95

Generalization - 101 

Pavlovian- Extinction-Based Therapy - 103

Extra Box 1 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans - 107 

Pavlovian Conditioning in Everyday Life - 108 

Summary - 111 

Answers to Reading Questions - 111

References - 113 

 

Chapter 5: Operant Learning I: Reinforcement- page 117 

Operant Behavior - 117 

Response- Consequence Contingencies - 119 

Noncontingent Consequences - 122

Changing Behavior with Contingent Consequences - 124 

Extra Box: Noncontingent Consequences in North Korea - 125 

Reinforcers, Reinforcement, and Rewards - 126 

The Discovery of Reinforcement- 127 

How to Tell if a Consequence Functions as a Reinforcer - 128 

From Puzzle Boxes to Skinner Boxes - 130 

Response Variability: Exploring and Exploiting - 131

Extra Box 2: Add Some Variability to Your Life - 132

The Generic Nature of Operant Behavior - 133

Not Every Consequence Functions as a Reinforcer -134

Reinforcement in Social Media and Video Games - 137 

Summary - 138 

Answers to Reading Questions - 139 

References - 141 

Chapter 6: Operant Learning II: Positive and Negative Reinforcement - page 143 

Positive and Negative Reinforcement - 143 

Positive Reinforcement - 143 

Negative Reinforcement - 146 

Extra Box: What is the Consequence in SR_A-? 151 

Positive or Negative Reinforcement, Is There Really a Difference?

Using Reinforcement to Positively Influence Behavior - 153

Reinforcement in the Workplace - 156 

Three Objections to Reinforcement - 157 

Theories of Reinforcement - 162

Summary - 165 

Answers to Reading Questions- 165 

References - 166 

Chapter 7: Extinction and Differential Reinforcement- page 169 

Operant Extinction Following Positive Reinforcement - 170 

Operant Extinction Following Negative Reinforcement - 171 

How Quickly Will Operant Extinction Work? - 174 

Spontaneous Recovery of Operant Behavior - 175 

Extra Box: How Extinction Informs Theories of Reinforcement - 177 

Other Effects of Extinction -179 

We Tried It At Home - 183

Using Extinction to Positively Influence Behavior - 184

Differential Reinforcement - 187 

Summary - 193 

Answers to Reading Quiz Questions - 194 

References - 195 

 

Chapter 8: Primary and Conditioned Reinforcement, and Shaping-  page 200

Primary Reinforcers - 201 

Conditioned Reinforcers - 202 

The Token Economy - 204 

Arranging Effective Conditioned Reinforcers - 207 

Clicker Training with Humans - 211

Shaping - 213

Automating Shaping: Percentile Schedules of Reinforcement - 222

Summary - 224

Answers to Reading Quiz Questions - 225 

References - 226 

 

Chapter 9: Motivation, Reinforcer Efficacy, and Habit Formation - page 226 

Everyday Concepts of Motivation - 230 

From Motivation to Motivating Operations- 232

Extra Box: The Cost of Mentalistic Reasoning - 236 

Identifying Effective Reinforcers: The “Liking” Strategy - 237 

Extra Box: Avoiding Circularity – The Premack Principle - 241 

Measuring Reinforcer Efficacy - 243 

Dimensions of Effective Reinforcers - 245 

Summary - 248 

Habit Formation - 248 

Summary - 252 

Answers to Reading Questions - 253 

References - 254 

Chapter 10: Punishment - page 258 

Punishers and Punishment - 259 

Two Kinds of Punishment – Both Decrease Behavior - 261 

When Should We Punish? - 264 

Extra Box: Punishment is the Norm – Using it Effectively is Humane - 266 

Six Characteristics of Effective Punishment Interventions - 266 

Primary and Conditioned Punishment - 272 

Some Commonly Used Punishers’ - 274 

The Watchful Eye of the Punisher - 277 

The Role of Reinforcement in the Act of Punishing - 279 

Summary - 281 

Answers to Reading Quiz Questions - 282 

References - 283 

Chapter 11: Complex Contingencies of Reinforcement- page 289 

Schedules of Reinforcement - 290 

Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement - 291 

Interval Schedules of Reinforcement - 302 

Why Study Schedules of Reinforcement? - 308 

Extra Box: Contingency Management - 309 

Schedule Thinning - 310 

Scheduling Reinforcers to Enhance Human Performance and Happiness - 313 

Summary - 313 

References - 316 

 

Chapter 12: Antecedent Stimulus Control - page 321

Phylogenetic and Pavlovian Stimulus Control - 322 

Discriminated Operant Behavior - 322

Discrimination Training - 330 

Extra Box: Direct Instruction of Reading Skills - 333

Generalization - 335 

Stimulus-Response Chains - 340 

Extra Box: Consciousness - 343 

Summary - 345 

 

Chapter 13: Choice - page 351 

What is Choice? - 352 

Four Variables Affecting Choice - 353 

The Rich Uncle Joe Experiment - 356 

Choosing Between Uncertain Outcomes - 357 

Extra Box: The Matching Law, Terrorism, and White Nationalism - 366 

Extra Box: What Substitutes for Drug Reinforcers? - 367 

Impulsivity and Self-Control - 372 

Summary - 380 

Answers to Reading Questions - 381 

References - 385 

 

Chapter 14: Verbal Behavior, Rule-Following, and Clinical Behavior Analysis

Behavioral Approaches to Language - 391 

Rules and Rule-Governed Behavior - 401 

Breaking the Rules in Clinical Psychology - 408 

Extra Box: If thoughts are important, prepare to suffer - 410 

Further Reading - 413 

Summary - 414 

Answers to Reading Questions - 415 

References - 417