일본어 문법과 표현문형

제1장. 일본어의 특징 ··························································· 11
1. 언어음의 특징 ··············································································13
2. 표기적 특징 ················································································14
3. 한국어와 공통적인 문법적 특징 ······················································14
4. 한국어와 공통적인 어휘적 특징 ······················································17
5. 한국어와 공통적인 담화레벨과 사회언어학적 특징 ······························18
6. 한국어와의 차이점 ·······································································19
제2장 조사 ········································································ 23
1. 조사의 문법적 분류 ···········································································25
1-1. 격조사 ·····················································································25
1-2. 강조/부각 조사 ··········································································36
1-3. 접속조사 ··················································································47
1-4. 종조사 ·····················································································53
2. 조사의 표현적 분류 ···········································································56
2-1. 한정을 나타내는 조사차이 ····························································56
2-2. 심한 정도, 강조를 나타내는 조사차이 ·············································56
2-3. 약한 정도를 나타내는 조사차이 ·····················································57
2-4. 열거를 나타내는 조사차이 ····························································57
2-5. 조사기능을 하는 화제제시표현 ······················································59
2-6. 조사의 기능을 하는 다양한 표현 ···················································· 61
제3장 문법 활용 ································································· 69
1. 일본어의 수사와 조수사의 사용법 ························································ 71
1-1. 漢수사 ····················································································· 71
1-2. 和수사 ···················································································· 71
1-3. 조수사Ⅰ ··················································································72
1-4. 조수사Ⅱ ··················································································74
2. 시제와 시간/기간을 나타내는 일 ․ 주 ․ 월 ․ 년, 요일 ································76
2-1. 시제를 나타내는 일 ․ 주 ․ 월 ․ 년 ·····················································76
2-2. 요일 ························································································77
2-3. 시간/기간을 나타내는 일 ․ 주 ․ 월 ․ 년 ··············································78
3. 인칭대명사와 지시대명사의 사용법 ·······················································79
3-1. 인칭대명사 ···············································································79
3-2. 지시대명사 ···············································································80
3-3. 그 밖의 지시어 ··········································································83
4. 형용사의 활용 ··················································································84
4-1. 형용사의 활용총괄 ·····································································84
4-2. い형용사의 활용 ········································································85
4-3. な형용사의 활용 ·······································································86
4-4. い형용사의 현재형 ․ 과거형 ··························································87
4-5. な형용사의 현재형 ․ 과거형 ··························································88
4-6. 연결형태 ··················································································89
5. 동사의 활용 ····················································································· 91
5-1. 동사의 활용분류 ········································································ 91
5-2. 동사의 ます形 ․ ません形 ···························································· 91
5-3. 동사의 て形 ․ た形 ·····································································96
5-4. 동사의 たい形 ․ ない形 ······························································104
5-5. 동사 ․ 형용사 ․ 명사＋だ의 과거형/부정형/과거부정형 ·························108
5-6. 동사의 가정형 「~ば」 「~なければ」 ·············································109
5-7. 동사의 가능형과 불가능형 ··························································110
6 쉽게 배우는 일본어문법과 표현문형
5-8. 동사의 가정(~と) 형 ․ 의지(~よう) 형 ············································114
5-9. 동사의 사역형 ․ させていただく ···················································117
5-10. 동사의 수동형 ․ 사역수동형 ························································123
5-11. 동사＋まえに／あいだ／たあと ··················································130
5-12. 동사의 활용표 종합정리 ····························································131
6. そうだ ․ ようだ ․ らしい ··································································132
6-1. 전문의 そうだ ··········································································132
6-2. 양태의 そうだ ··········································································135
6-3. ようだ ․ らしい ·········································································138
7. やる ․ あげる ․ くれる ․ もらう: 수수표현 ············································143
8. 자동사와 타동사의 대응 ····································································146
8-1. 어휘적 대응 ·············································································146
8-2. 문형적 대응 ·············································································150
8-3. 「~なる」 「~する」 文의 대응 ······················································151
8-4. 「~ている」 「~てある」 文의 대응 ················································152
8-5. 「~している」 「~なっている」 文의 대응 ·······································152
8-6. 「~ようになる」 「~ようにする」 文의 대응 ·····································153
8-7. 「~ようにしている」 「~ようになっている」 文의 대응 ······················153
9. 경어동사 ························································································154
9-1. 존경표현 문형 ··········································································155
9-2. 겸양표현 문형 ··········································································155
9-3. 정중/공손표현 문형 ···································································156
9-4. 경어표현 유의사항 ····································································156
10. 명사화 방법 ···················································································164
10-1. い형용사의 경우 ······································································164
10-2. な형용사의 경우 ······································································165
10-3. 동사의 경우 ············································································165
11. 명사수식 방법 ················································································166
11-1. 명사수식 형태 ·········································································166
11-2. 연체수식(명사수식) ··································································166
12. 명사술어 표현 ················································································168
12-1. 「명사＋だ」 ············································································168
12-2. 「명사＋である」 ······································································168
12-3. 「명사＋でございます」 ·····························································169
제4장 중요문형의 표현방법 ·················································171
1. 「する」 동사와 「やる」 「なる」 동사 ·····················································173
1-1. 「する」 동사 ············································································173
1-2. 「やる」 동사의 여러 가지 용법 ······················································174
1-3. 「する」 동사와 「なる」 동사의 표현차이 ·········································175
2. 「いる」 동사와 「ある」 동사 ·······························································176
2-1. 동사의 활용 ·············································································176
2-2. 존재/소재/소유 구문과 사용 ·························································177
3. 「おかげで/おかげだ」와 「せいで/せいだ/せいか」 ·································180
4. 「くせに」와 「にもかかわらず」 ···························································182
5. 양자비교와 다자비교표현 ··································································184
5-1. 2者의 비교 ··············································································184
5-2. 3者이상의 비교 ········································································185
5-3. 비교의 부정 ·············································································185
6. 「から」 「もの」 「こと」 표현 ································································186
6-1. 「から」 표현 ············································································186
8 쉽게 배우는 일본어문법과 표현문형
6-2. 「もの」 표현 ············································································188
6-3. 「こと」 표현 ·············································································190
7. 「~のだ」 「~はずだ」 「~べきだ」 「~わけだ」 표현 ································194
7-1. 「~のだ」 표현 ··········································································194
7-2. 「~はずだ」 표현 ·······································································196
7-3. 「~べきだ」 표현 ·······································································197
7-4. 「~わけだ」 표현 ·······································································198
8. 대우표현의 차이 ············································································· 200
8-1. 보통표현과 공손표현 ································································ 200
8-2. 편한 말투표현 ··········································································201
8-3. 회화체와 문서체 ······································································ 203
9. 부정표현 ······················································································ 204
9-1. 강한부정 ················································································ 204
9-2. 부분부정 ················································································ 204
9-3. 소극적 긍정/부정 ····································································· 205
10. 화자의 입장에서 본 표현 ································································ 206
10-1. 화자의 감각/기분 ···································································· 206
10-2. 화자의 강한 확신/주장/각오/결의 ················································ 207
10-3. 화자의 불가능판단 ·································································· 207
10-4. 화자의 판단/추측 ···································································· 208
10-5. 화자의 소원/감탄 ···································································· 209
10-6. 화자가 청자에게 제안 ·······························································210
11. 시점, 기간을 나타내는 표현 ·······························································211
11-1. 시점/기간의 범위 ······································································211
11-2. 두 가지가 동시발생, 직후발생 ·····················································212
11-3. 시간적 전후관계 ······································································213
12. 가정, 역접을 나타내는 조건표현 ························································214
12-1. 가정 조건표현 ·········································································214
12-2. 역접 조건표현 ·········································································215
13. 이유, 근거, 변화를 나타내는 표현 ······················································217
13-1. 이유/내용을 나타낼 때 ······························································217
13-2. 판단의 근거를 나타낼 때 ···························································217
13-3. 상관관계의 변화를 나타낼 때 ·····················································218
13-4. 원인과 이유/결과를 나타낼 때 ·····················································219
14. 복합동사표현과 복합어표현 ······························································221
14-1. 복합동사표현 ·········································································221
14-2. 복합어표현 ··········································································· 229
제5장 부사 ․ 접속사 ․ 감동사의 표현방법 ·································231
1. 부사의 표현방법 ···············································································233
1-1. 부정표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ····················································233
1-2. 과거표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ··················································· 234
1-3. 미래표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ··················································· 234
1-4. 추량/추측표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ············································ 235
1-5. 조건표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ··················································· 235
1-6. 국면(aspect) 표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ········································ 236
1-7. 희망/의뢰/의지표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ······································ 237
1-8. 비유/양태표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ············································ 237
1-9. 의문/반어/감탄의식표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ································ 238
1-10. 단정/강한 의지표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ···································· 238
1-11. 변화의 정도/속도표현과 함께 사용하는 부사 ································· 238
10 쉽게 배우는 일본어문법과 표현문형
2. 접속사의 표현방법 ·········································································· 239
2-1. 추가, 첨가를 나타내는 것 ··························································· 239
2-2. 보충을 나타내는 것 ·································································· 240
2-3. 귀결을 나타내는 것 ···································································241
2-4. 역접을 나타내는 것 ·································································· 243
2-5. 선택이나 전환을 나타내는 것 ······················································ 244
2-6. 환언/예시, 결론/결말을 나타내는 것 ·············································· 245
3. 감동사의 표현방법 ·········································································· 247
3-1. 사태에 대한 놀라움을 나타낼 때 ·················································· 247
3-2. 의외/의문을 나타낼 때 ······························································· 247
3-3. 동의나 不同意를 나타낼 때 ························································ 248
3-4. 이해/승낙을 나타낼 때 ······························································· 248
3-5. 감동/감정을 나타낼 때 ······························································· 248
3-6. 해답을 모색 중일 때 ································································· 249
3-7. 호응이나 부름, 주의를 환기/촉구시킬 때 ········································ 249
3-8. 자신에게 반문할 때 ·································································· 249