전자회로 1

Chapter 1 THYRISTOR AND PHOTO DEVICES = 1
1.1 Shockley Diode = 4
1.1.1 Shockley Diode Operation = 5
1.1.2 Forward Breakover Voltage = 6
1.1.3 Holding current = 8
1.1.4 Switching current = 8
1.2 Silicon-controlled Rectifier(SCR) = 10
1.2.1 Equal Circuit of SCR = 11
1.2.2 SCR Turn-on = 11
1.2.3 SCR Turn-off = 13
1.2.4 High Current = 15
1.2.5 Rate of Riding = 15
1.2.6 SCR Application = 17
1.2.7 Silicon-controlled Switch = 20
1.3 Diac and Triac = 22
1.3.1 Diac = 23
1.3.2 Triac = 24
1.3.3 Application = 27
1.4 Unijunciton Transistor(UJT) = 28
1.4.1 Equal Circuit = 29
1.4.2 Stand-off Ratio = 30
1.4.3 UJT Application = 31
1.4.4 Condition of Turn-off and on = 32
1.4.5 Programmable unijunction transistor = 34
1.5 Discrete Photodetector = 36
1.5.1 Characteristic of Photo = 36
1.5.2 Photo Transistor = 37
1.5.3 LASCR = 39
1.5.4 Optical Coupler = 40
1.6 System Applications = 42
1.6.1 Automatic Ignition = 42
1.6.2 Photo-couple Control = 43
1.6.3 Diac-Trigger SCR = 43
공식 = 45
요약 = 46
연습문제 = 47
Chapter 2 OPERATION AMPLIFIERS = 51
2.1 The Differential Amplifier = 54
2.1.1 Difference Amplifier Operation = 55
2.1.2 Modes of Signal Operation = 57
2.2 Operational Amplifiers = 61
2.2.1 Symbol and Gate = 62
2.2.2 Ideal Operation Amplifier = 63
2.2.3 Practical Operation Amplifier = 63
2.3 Characteristics of Op-Amps = 64
2.3.1 Input offset Voltage = 64
2.3.2 Input Offset Voltage Drift = 65
2.3.3 Input Bias Current = 65
2.3.4 Input Impedance = 66
2.3.5 Input Offset Current = 66
2.3.6 Output Impedance = 67
2.3.7 Open-Loop Voltage Gain = 68
2.3.8 CMRR = 68
2.3.9 Slew Rate = 69
2.3.10 Response Frequency = 70
2.4 Negative Feedback of Op-Amp = 70
2.4.1 Negative Feedback = 70
2.4.2 Noninverting Amplifier = 71
2.4.3 Voltage-Follower = 76
2.4.4 Inverting Amplifier = 78
2.5 Compensation of Operational Amplifiers = 83
2.5.1 Effect of an Input Bias Current = 83
2.5.2 Compensation of Bias Current with Voltage Follower = 85
2.5.3 Compensation of Bias Current with Other Op-Amp Circuits = 86
2.5.4 Using of BIFET Op-Amp = 86
2.5.5 Effect of Input Offset Voltage = 86
2.5.6 Compensation of Input Offset Voltage = 87
공식 = 90
요약 = 91
연습문제 = 92
Chapter 3 OP-AMP FREQUENCY COMPENSATION = 99
3.1 Gain and Frequency of Relative = 101
3.1.1 Open-Loop Gain = 101
3.1.2 Close-Loop Gain = 102
3.1.3 Frequence and Gain = 102
3.1.4 3dB Open-Loop Bandwidth = 103
3.1.5 Unity-Gain Bandwidth = 103
3.1.6 Gain and Frequency Analysis = 103
3.1.7 Phase Shift = 105
3.2 Response of Loop to Op-Amp = 107
3.2.1 Response of Loop to Op-Amp = 107
3.2.2 Response of Open to Op-Amp = 110
3.3 Positive Feedback and Stability = 112
3.3.1 Positive Feedback = 113
3.3.2 Loop Gain = 113
3.3.3 Phase Margin = 113
3.4 Compensation of Op-Am = 114
3.4.1 Compensation of Phase Delay = 114
3.4.2 Compensating Circuits = 115
3.4.3 Extent of Compensation = 117
3.4.4 Compensation with Capacitor = 118
3.4.5 Forward Compensation = 119
공식 = 120
요약 = 120
연습문제 = 121
Chapter 4 APPLICATION OF OP-AMP = 125
4.1 Comparators = 128
4.1.1 Zero Crossing Detector = 128
4.1.2 Level Comparator = 129
4.1.3 Hysteresis Comparator : Sohnitt Trigger = 131
4.1.5 Output Bounding = 134
4.1.6 Window Comparator = 136
4.1.7 A／D Converters = 137
4.2 Integrators and Differentiators = 140
4.2.1 Integrator = 140
4.2.2 Differentiators = 144
4.3 Summing Amplifiers = 146
4.3.1 Summing Amplifer with Unity Gain = 146
4.3.2 Summing Amplifer with Gain Greater Then Unity = 148
4.3.3 Average Amplifer = 149
4.3.4 Scaling Adder = 149
4.3.5 Digital-Analog Converter = 149
4.4 System Applications = 150
4.4.1 Constant-Current Source = 150
4.4.2 Current-Voltage Converter = 151
4.4.3 Voltage to Current Converter = 152
4.4.4 Peak Detector = 153
공식 = 154
요약 = 155
연습문제 = 156
Chapter 5 ADDITIONAL OP-AMP APPLICATION = 161
5.1 Instrumentation Amplifiers = 164
5.1.1 Basic Operation = 164
5.1.2 Application = 167
5.2 Isolation Amplifiers = 168
5.2.1 Basic Isolation Amplifier = 168
5.2.2 Application = 169
5.3 Operational Transconductance Amplifiers = 170
5.3.1 Transconductance is The Gain OTA = 171
5.3.2 Basic OTA Circuit = 172
5.3.3 OTA Application = 174
5.4 Log and Antilog Amplifiers = 175
5.4.1 Logarithmic Amplifier = 176
5.4.2 Antilog Amplifier = 180
5.4.3 Signal Compression with Logarithmic Amplifier = 181
5.5 System Applications = 182
5.5.1 Summing and Subtraction of Circuit = 183
5.5.2 Thermistor Resister Circuit = 184
공식 = 185
요약 = 186
연습문제 = 187
Chapter 6 ACTIVE FILTERS = 191
6.1 FILTER RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS = 194
6.1.1 The Butterworth Characteristic = 195
6.1.2 The Chebyshev Characteristic = 195
6.1.3 The Bessel Charcteristic = 195
6.1.4 Passive Filter and Active Filter = 195
6.1.5 Critical Frequency = 197
6.2 LOW PASS FILTER(LPF) DESIGN = 199
6.2.1 Low Pass Filter Response = 200
6.2.2 A Single-Pole Low Pass Filter = 201
6.2.3 Two-Ploe Low Pass Filter = 202
6.2.4 Cascded Low-Pass Filters Achieve a Higher Roll_Off Rate = 206
6.3 HIGH PASS FILTER(HPF) DESIGN = 207
6.3.1 High Pass Filter Response = 207
6.3.2 A single-Pole High Pass Filter = 208
6.3.3 Two-Pole High Pass Filter = 209
6.3.4 Cascaded High-Pass Filters = 211
6.4 BAND PASS FILTER(BPF) DESIGN = 212
6.4.1 Band Pass Filter Response = 213
6.4.2 Band Pass Filter = 215
6.4.3 Multiple-Feedback Band Pass Filter = 217
6.4.4 State-Variable Band Pass Filter = 218
6.5 BAND STOP FILTER(BSF) DESIGN = 220
6.5.1 Band Stop Filter Response = 220
6.5.2 Multi-Feedback Band Stop Filter = 221
6.6 SYSTEM APPLICATION = 222
6.6.1 Discrete Point Measurement = 222
6.6.2 Swept Frequency Measurement = 223
6.6.3 High Pass Filter Output = 225
공식 = 225
요약 = 226
연습문제 = 227
Chapter 7 WAVE GENERATION AND OSCILLATORS = 233
7.1 GENERAL OSCILLATOR THEORY = 236
7.1.1 Oscillator = 236
7.1.2 Positive Feedback = 237
7.1.3 Conditions for Oscillation = 238
7.1.4 Voltage Gain of Closed Loop and Oscillation = 239
7.1.5 Starting Condition = 240
7.2 NONSINUSOIDAL OSCILLATORS = 242
7.2.1 A Triangular-Wave Oscillator = 242
7.2.2 A Square-Wave Relaxation Oscillator = 246
7.3 RC OSCILLATORS = 247
7.3.1 The Wien-Bridge Oscillator = 248
7.3.2 Phase-Shift Oscillator = 254
7.4 LC OSCILLATORS = 256
7.4.1 Colpitts Oscillator = 256
7.4.2 Clapp Oscillator = 259
7.4.3 Hartley Oscillator = 260
7.4.4 Crystal-Controlled Oscillators = 262
7.5 PHASE LOCKED LOOP(PLL) = 265
7.5.1 VCO : Voltage Controlled Oscillator = 265
7.5.2 Phase-Locked Loop = 268
7.5.3 PLL Basic Operation = 268
7.5.4 PLL is in Lock = 272
7.5.5 When the PLL is Not in Lock = 273
7.6 FUNCTION GENERATOR CIRCUIT APPLICATION = 274
공식 = 277
요약 = 279
연습문제 = 280
Chapter 8 MULTIVIBRATORS AND IC TIMER = 285
8.1 MULTIVIBRATORS = 288
8.1.1 Multivibrator Circuit = 288
8.1.2 Basic Generation Wave = 290
8.2 ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS = 290
8.2.1 Analysis of Astable Multivibrator = 291
8.2.2 Astable Multivibrators Application = 293
8.3 MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS = 293
8.3.1 One-shot IC = 295
8.4 BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS = 296
8.5 THE 555 IC TIMER = 298
8.5.1 The 555 IC Timer =
8.5.2 The 555 Timer Block Diagram = 300
8.5.3 Monostable Operation = 302
8.5.4 Astable Operation = 304
8.6 MULTIVIBRATOR AND TIMER APPLICATIONS = 310
8.6.1 FM Modulation Circuit using 555 timer = 310
공식 = 316
요약 = 316
연습문제 = 317
Chapter 9 REGULATORS = 321
9.1 VOLTAGE REGULATION = 324
9.1.1 Load Regulation = 324
9.1.2 Line Regulation = 326
9.1.3 Type of regulator = 328
9.2 LINEAR REGULATORS = 328
9.2.1 Series Voltage Regulators = 329
9.2.2 Shunt Voltage Regulator = 334
9.3 SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATORS = 337
9.3.1 Step-Down Configuration = 337
9.3.2 Step-Up Configuration = 341
9.3.3 Voltage-Inverter Configuration = 342
9.4 LINEAR IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS = 345
9.4.1 Fixed Linear Voltage Regulators = 345
9.4.2 Adjustable Linear Voltage Regulator = 348
9.5 APPLICATIONS OF IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS = 352
9.5.1 The External Pass Transistor = 352
9.5.2 Current Limit Circuit = 355
9.5.3 A Current Regulator = 357
9.5.4 Power Supply Using IC Voltage Regulator = 358
공식 = 369
요약 = 370
연습문제 = 371