Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics (Hardcover, 3)

· 제목 : Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics (Hardcover, 3) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 기술공학 > 기술공학 > 기계공학
· ISBN : 9781119481706
· 쪽수 : 560쪽

Preface

To the Student

1 Definitions and Fundamental Principles 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Units and Notation

1.3 Why we use non-dimensional quantities

1.4 Thermodynamic Concepts for Control Mass Analysis

Review Questions

Review Problems

2 Control Volume Analysis—Part I

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Objectives

2.3 Flow Dimensionality and Average Velocity

2.4 Transformation of a Material Derivative to a Control Volume Approach

2.5 Conservation of Mass

2.6 Conservation of Energy

2.7 Summary 44

Problems 46

Check Test 48

3 Control Volume Analysis-Part II 51

3.1 Introduction 51

3.2 Objectives 51

3.3 Comments on Entropy 52

3.4 Pressure–Energy Equation 54

3.5 The Stagnation Concept 55

3.6 Stagnation Pressure–Energy Equation 59

3.7 Consequences of Constant Density 61

3.8 Momentum Equation 66

3.9 Summary 75

Problems 77

Check Test 81

4 Introduction to Compressible Flow 83

4.1 Introduction 83

4.2 Objectives 83

4.3 Sonic Speed and Mach Number 84

4.4 Wave Propagation 89

4.5 Equations for Perfect Gases in Terms of Mach Number 92

4.6 h–s and T–s Diagrams 97

4.7 Summary 99

Problems 100

Check Test 102

5 Varying-Area Adiabatic Flow 105

5.1 Introduction 105

5.2 Objectives 105

5.3 General Fluid—No Losses 106

5.4 Perfect Gases with Losses 111

5.5 The * Reference Concept 115

5.6 Isentropic Table 118

5.7 Nozzle Operation 124

5.8 Nozzle Performance 131

5.9 Diffuser Performance 133

5.10 When Γ Is Not Equal to 1.4 135

5.11 (Optional) Beyond the Tables 135

5.12 Summary 138

Problems 139

Check Test 144

6 Standing Normal Shocks 147

6.1 Introduction 147

6.2 Objectives 147

6.3 Shock Analysis—General Fluid 148

6.4 Working Equations for Perfect Gases 151

6.5 Normal-Shock Table 154

6.6 Shocks in Nozzles 159

6.7 Supersonic Wind Tunnel Operation 164

6.8 When Γ Is Not Equal to 1.4 166

6.9 (Optional) Beyond the Tables 168

6.10 Summary 169

Problems 170

Check Test 174

7 Moving and Oblique Shocks 175

7.1 Introduction 175

7.2 Objectives 175

7.3 Normal Velocity Superposition: Moving Normal Shocks 176

7.4 Tangential Velocity Superposition: Oblique Shocks 179

7.5 Oblique-Shock Analysis: Perfect Gas 185

7.6 Oblique-Shock Table and Charts 187

7.7 Boundary Condition of Flow Direction 189

7.8 Boundary Condition of Pressure Equilibrium 193

7.9 Conical Shocks 195

7.10 The Shock Tube

7.11 (Optional) Beyond the Tables 198

7.12 Summary 200

Problems 201

Check Test 205

8 Prandtl-Meyer Flow 207

8.1 Introduction 207

8.2 Objectives 207

8.3 Argument for Isentropic Turning Flow 208

8.4 Analysis of Prandtl–Meyer Flow 214

8.5 Prandtl–Meyer Function 218

8.6 Overexpanded and Underexpanded Nozzles 221

8.7 Supersonic Airfoils 226

8.8 Aerospike Nozzle

8.9 When Γ Is Not Equal to 1.4 230

8.10 (Optional) Beyond the Tables 231

8.11 Summary 232

Problems 233

Check Test 238

9 Fanno Flow 241

9.1 Introduction 241

9.2 Objectives 241

9.3 Analysis for a General Fluid 242

9.4 Working Equations for Perfect Gases 248

9.5 Reference State and Fanno Table 253

9.6 Applications 257

9.7 Correlation with Shocks 261

9.8 Friction Choking 264

9.9 (Optional) How the Left-Hand-Side of Equation 9.40 Is Derived

9.10 When Γ Is Not Equal to 1.4 267

9.11 (Optional) Beyond the Tables 268

9.12 Summary 269

Problems 270

Check Test 274

10 Rayleigh Flow 277

10.1 Introduction 277

10.2 Objectives 278

10.3 Analysis for a General Fluid 278

10.4 Working Equations for Perfect Gases 288

10.5 Reference State and the Rayleigh Table 293

10.6 Applications 295

10.7 Correlation with Shocks 298

10.8 Thermal Choking due to Heating 302

10.9 When Γ Is Not Equal to 1.4 305

10.10 (Optional) Beyond the Tables 306

10.11 Summary 307

Problems 308

Check Test 313

11 Real Gas Effects 315

11.1 Introduction 315

11.2 Objectives 316

11.3 What’s Really Going On 317

11.4 Semiperfect Gas Behavior, Development of the Gas Table 319

11.5 Real Gas Behavior, Equations of State and Compressibility Factors 325

11.6 Variable γ—Variable-Area Flows 329

11.7 Variable γ—Constant-Area Flows 336

11.8 High-Energy Gas Lasers

11.9 Summary 338

Problems 340

Check Test 341

12 Propulsion Systems 343

12.1 Introduction 343

12.2 Objectives 343

12.3 Brayton Cycle 344

12.4 Propulsion Engines 353

12.5 General Performance Parameters, Thrust, Power, and Efficiency 369

12.6 Air-Breathing Propulsion Systems Performance Parameters 375

12.7 Air-Breathing Propulsion Systems Incorporating Real Gas Effects 380

12.8 Rocket Propulsion Systems Performance Parameters 381

12.9 Supersonic Diffusers 384

12.10 Summary 387

Problems 388

Check Test 392

Appendixes

A. Summary of the English Engineering (EE) System of Units 396

B. Summary of the International System (SI) of Units 400

C. Friction-Factor Chart 404

D. Oblique-Shock Charts (Γ = 1.4) (Two-Dimensional) 406

E. Conical-Shock Charts (Γ = 1.4) (Three-Dimensional) 410

F. Generalized Compressibility Factor Chart 414

G. Isentropic Flow Parameters (Γ = 1.4) (including Prandtl–Meyer Function) 416

H. Normal-Shock Parameters (Γ = 1.4) 428

I. Fanno Flow Parameters (Γ = 1.4) 438

J. Rayleigh Flow Parameters (Γ = 1.4) 450

K. Properties of Air at Low Pressures 462

L. Specific Heats of Air at Low Pressures 470

Selected References 473

Answers to Problems 477

Index