The NALCO Water Guide to Cooling Water Systems Failure Analysis, Second Edition (Hardcover, 2)

Section 1 ? Deposits on the Water and Steam Side

Water and Steam Formed Deposits

Cause of Deposition

Deposit Related Problems

Section 2 - Overheating

Short Term Overheating

Long Term Overheating Section 3 - Waterside Corrosion and Damage

Waterside Corrosion

Caustic Corrosion

Low pH During Service

Hydrogen Damage

Phosphate Corrosion

Chelant and Complexing Agent Corrosion

Oxygen Corrosion

Corrosion During Cleaning

Stress Assisted Corrosion

Parting

Graphitic Corrosion

Dealloying

Waterside Flow Related Damage

Cavitation

Flow Accelerated Corrosion

Erosion

Section 4 ?Cracking

Cracking

Corrosion Fatigue

Stress Corrosion Cracking

Section 5 - Fireside Corrosion and Damage Oil Ash Corrosion

Coal Ash Corrosion

Waterwall Fireside Corrosion

Cold End Corrosion

Dew Point Corrosion

Erosion

Section 6 - Material Defects

Forming Defects

Welding Defects