Gregg: System Performance: Ent Clo_p1 (Paperback)

Acknowledgments xxxiii About the Author xxxv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Systems Performance 1 1.2 Roles 2 1.3 Activities 3 1.4 Perspectives 4 1.5 Performance Is Challenging 4 1.6 Latency 6 1.7 Dynamic Tracing 7 1.8 Cloud Computing 8 1.9 Case Studies 9 Chapter 2: Methodology 15 2.1 Terminology 16 2.2 Models 17 2.3 Concepts 18 2.4 Perspectives 32 2.5 Methodology 35 2.6 Modeling 57 2.7 Capacity Planning 65 2.8 Statistics 69 2.9 Monitoring 74 2.10 Visualizations 76 2.11 Exercises 82 2.12 References 82 Chapter 3: Operating Systems 85 3.1 Terminology 86 3.2 Background 87 3.3 Kernels 105 3.4 Exercises 113 3.5 References 113 Chapter 4: Observability Tools 115 4.1 Tool Types 116 4.2 Observability Sources 120 4.3 DTrace 133 4.4 SystemTap 144 4.5 perf 149 4.6 Observing Observability 150 4.7 Exercises 151 4.8 References 151 Chapter 5: Applications 153 5.1 Application Basics 153 5.2 Application Performance Techniques 158 5.3 Programming Languages 163 5.4 Methodology and Analysis 167 Thread State Analysis 168 5.5 Exercises 186 5.6 References 187 Chapter 6: CPUs 189 6.1 Terminology 190 6.2 Models 191 6.3 Concepts 193 6.4 Architecture 199 6.5 Methodology 214 6.6 Analysis 224 6.7 Experimentation 254 6.8 Tuning 256 6.9 Exercises 260 6.10 References 262 Chapter 7: Memory 265 7.1 Terminology 266 7.2 Concepts 267 7.3 Architecture 272 7.4 Methodology 289 7.5 Analysis 295 7.6 Tuning 314 7.7 Exercises 319 7.8 References 320 Chapter 8: File Systems 323 8.1 Terminology 324 8.2 Models 325 8.3 Concepts 326 8.4 Architecture 337 8.5 Methodology 353 8.6 Analysis 362 8.7 Experimentation 383 8.8 Tuning 387 8.9 Exercises 391 8.10 References 392 Chapter 9: Disks 395 9.1 Terminology 396 9.2 Models 397 9.3 Concepts 399 9.4 Architecture 407 9.5 Methodology 421 9.6 Analysis 431 9.7 Experimentation 465 9.8 Tuning 467 9.9 Exercises 470 9.10 References 471 Chapter 10: Network 473 10.1 Terminology 474 10.2 Models 474 10.3 Concepts 476 10.4 Architecture 483 10.5 Methodology 493 10.6 Analysis 503 10.7 Experimentation 535 10.8 Tuning 536 10.9 Exercises 542 10.10 References 543 Chapter 11: Cloud Computing 545 11.1 Background 546 11.2 OS Virtualization 551 11.3 Hardware Virtualization 563 11.4 Comparisons 581 11.5 Exercises 583 11.6 References 584 Chapter 12: Benchmarking 587 12.1 Background 588 12.2 Benchmarking Types 597 12.3 Methodology 602 12.4 Benchmark Questions 613 12.5 Exercises 614 12.6 References 615 Chapter 13: Case Study 617 13.1 Case Study: The Red Whale 617 13.2 Comments 633 13.3 Additional Information 634 13.4 References 634 Appendix A: USE Method: Linux 637 Physical Resources 637 Software Resources 640 Reference 641 Appendix B: USE Method: Solaris 643 Physical Resources 643 Software Resources 646 References 647 Appendix C: sar Summary 649 Linux 649 Solaris 650 Appendix D: DTrace One-Liners 651 syscall Provider 651 proc Provider 655 profile Provider 655 sched Provider 657 fbt Provider 658 pid Provider 659 io Provider 660 sysinfo Provider 660 vminfo Provider 661 ip Provider 661 tcp provider 662 udp provider 663 Appendix E: DTrace to SystemTap 665 Functionality 665 Terminology 666 Probes 666 Built-in Variables 667 Functions 668 Example 1: Listing syscall Entry Probes 668 Example 2: Summarize read() Returned Size 668 Example 3: Count syscalls by Process Name 670 Example 4: Count syscalls by syscall Name, for Process ID 123 671 Example 5: Count syscalls by syscall Name, for "Processes 672 Example 6: Trace File open()s with Process Name and Path Name 672 Example 7: Summarize read() Latency for "mysqld" Processes 672 Example 8: Trace New Processes with Process Name and Arguments 673 Example 9: Sample Kernel Stacks at 100 Hz 674 References 674 Appendix F: Solutions to Selected Exercises 675 Chapter 2-Methodology 675 Chapter 3-Operating Systems 675 Chapter 6-CPUs 675 Chapter 7-Memory 676 Chapter