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· 분류 : 외국도서 > 기술공학 > 기술공학 > 생화학
· ISBN : 9780470131176
· 쪽수 : 400쪽
· 출판일 : 2011-12-20
목차
Preface ix
1 Introduction 1
2 Drying as Part of the Overall Process 9
2.1 Residual Moisture / 9
2.2 Optimization of the Dewatering Step / 10
2.3 Process Changes to Simplify Drying / 10
2.4 Combination of Drying and Other Process Steps / 12
2.5 Nonthermal Drying / 15
2.6 Process Changes to Avoid Drying / 17
2.7 No Drying / 19
3 Procedures for Choosing a Dryer 21
3.1 Selection Schemes / 21
3.2 Processing Liquids, Slurries, and Pastes / 31
3.3 Special Drying Techniques / 33
3.4 Some Additional Comments / 34
3.5 Testing on Small-Scale Dryers / 37
3.6 Examples of Dryer Selection / 38
4 Convective Drying 41
4.1 Common Aspects of Continuous Convective Dryers / 42
4.2 Saturated Water Vapor Pressure / 43
4.3 Wet-Bulb Temperature / 44
4.4 Adiabatic Saturation Temperature / 46
4.5 Humidity Chart / 47
4.6 Water–Material Interactions / 49
4.7 Drying with an Auxiliary Material / 52
4.8 Gas Velocities / 54
4.9 Heat Losses / 55
4.10 Electrical Energy Consumption / 57
4.11 Miscellaneous Aspects / 59
4.12 Material Balance (kg·h−1) / 61
4.13 Heat Balance (kJ·h−1) / 61
4.14 Specific Heat of Solids / 63
4.15 Gas Flows and Fan Power / 64
4.16 Direct Heating of Drying Air / 65
5 Continuous Fluid-Bed Drying 67
5.1 General Description / 67
5.2 Fluidization Theory / 70
5.3 Drying Theory for Rectangular Dryers / 76
5.4 Removal of Bound Moisture from a Product in a Rectangular Dryer / 88
5.5 Circular Fluid-Bed Dryers / 90
6 Continuous Direct-Heat Rotary Drying 99
6.1 General Description / 99
6.2 Design Methods / 103
7 Flash Drying 117
7.1 General Description / 117
7.2 Design Methods / 120
7.3 Drying in Seconds / 122
7.4 Application of the Design Methods / 126
8 Spray Drying 133
8.1 General Description / 133
8.2 Single-Fluid Nozzle / 138
8.3 Rotary Atomizer / 143
8.4 Pneumatic Nozzle / 145
8.5 Product Quality / 149
8.6 Heat of Crystallization / 153
8.7 Product Recovery / 154
8.8 Product Transportation / 154
8.9 Design Methods / 155
9 Miscellaneous Continuous Convective Dryers and Convective Batch Dryers 163
9.1 Conveyor Dryers / 164
9.2 Wyssmont Turbo-Dryer / 169
9.3 Nara Media Slurry Dryer / 170
9.4 Anhydro Spin Flash Dryer / 172
9.5 Hazemag Rapid Dryer / 174
9.6 Combined Milling and Drying System / 176
9.7 Batch Fluid-Bed Dryer / 178
9.8 Atmospheric Tray Dryer / 182
9.9 Centrifuge–Dryer / 184
10 Atmospheric Contact Dryers 189
10.1 Plate Dryers / 189
10.2 Mildly Agitated Contact Dryers (Paddle Dryers) / 193
10.3 Vigorously Agitated Contact Dryers / 198
10.4 Vertical Thin-Film Dryers / 202
10.5 Drum Dryers / 204
10.6 Steam-Tube Dryers / 208
10.7 Spiral Conveyor Dryers / 212
10.8 Agitated Atmospheric Batch Dryers / 213
11 Vacuum Drying 217
11.1 Vacuum Drying / 219
11.2 Freeze-Drying / 232
11.3 Vacuum Pumps / 242
12 Steam Drying 251
12.1 Sugar Beet Pulp Dryer / 252
12.2 GEA Exergy Barr–Rosin Dryer / 255
12.3 Advantages of Continuous Steam Drying / 257
12.4 Disadvantages of Continuous Steam Drying / 257
12.5 Additional Remarks Concerning Continuous Steam Drying / 258
12.6 Eirich Evactherm Dryer / 258
13 Radiation Drying 263
13.1 Dielectric Drying / 264
13.2 Infrared Drying / 278
14 Product Quality and Safeguarding Drying 289
14.1 Product Quality / 289
14.2 Safeguarding Drying / 291
15 Continuous Moisture-Measurement Methods, Dryer Process Control, and Energy Recovery 313
15.1 Continuous Moisture-Measurement Methods for Solids / 313
15.2 Continuous Moisture-Measurement Methods for Gases / 321
15.3 Dryer Process Control / 327
15.4 Energy Recovery / 335
16 Gas–Solid Separation Methods 339
16.1 Cyclones / 340
16.2 Fabric Filters / 343
16.3 Scrubbers / 346
16.4 Electrostatic Precipitators / 349
17 Dryer Feeding Equipment 357
17.1 Fluid-Bed Dryers / 358
17.2 Direct-Heat Rotary Dryers / 360
17.3 Flash Dryers / 360
17.4 Spray Dryers / 361
17.5 Conveyor Dryers / 361
17.6 Hazemag Rapid Dryer / 363
17.7 Anhydro Spin Flash Dryer / 365
17.8 Plate Dryers / 365
17.9 Vigorously Agitated Contact Dryers / 365
17.10 Vertical Thin-Film and Drum Dryers / 365
Notation 369
Index 377
