Cognition (Hardcover, 6th)

C HAPTER 1. An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology. Introduction. A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology. The Origins of Cognitive Psychology. Wilhelm Wundt. Early Memory Researchers. William James. Behaviorism. The Gestalt Approach. Frederick C. Bartlett. The Emergence of Modern Cognitive Psychology. Factors Contributing to the Rise of Cognitive Psychology. The Information-Processing Approach. Current Issues in Cognitive Psychology. Cognitive Neuroscience. Brain Lesions. Positron Emission Tomography. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Event-Related Potential. Single-Cell Recording Technique. Artificial Intelligence. The Computer Metaphor. Pure AI. Computer Simulation. The Parallel Distributed Processing Approach. The Development of the PDP Approach. Basic Characteristics of the PDP Approach. Reactions to the PDP Approach. Cognitive Science. An Overview of Your Textbook. Preview of the Chapters. Themes in the Book. How to Use Your Book. Chapter Outline. Chapter Preview. Opening Paragraph. Applications. New Terms."In Depth" Features. Section Summaries. End-of-Chapter Review. Recommended Readings. Glossary. Chapter Review Questions. New Terms. Recommended Readings. C HAPTER 2. Perceptual Processes I: Visual and Auditory Recognition. Introduction. Background on Visual Object Recognition. The Visual System. Organization in Visual Perception. Theories of Visual Object Recognition. Template-Matching Theory. Feature-Analysis Theory. The Recognition-by-Components Theory. Top-Down Processing and Visual Object Recognition. The Distinction Between Bottom-Up Processing and Top-Down Processing. Top-Down Processing and Reading. Overactive Top-Down Processing and Occasional Errors in Word Recognition. Overactive Top-Down Processing and Occasional Errors in Object Recognition. Face Perception. Recognizing Faces Versus Recognizing Other Objects. Neuroscience Research on Face Recognition. In Depth: Applied Research on Face Recognition. Speech Perception. Characteristics of Speech Perception. Variability in Phoneme Pronunciation. Context and Speech Perception. Word Boundaries. Visual Cues as an Aid to Speech Perception. Theories of Speech Perception. The Special Mechanism Approach. The General Mechanism Approaches. Chapter Review Questions. New Terms. Recommended Readings. C HAPTER 3. Perceptual Processes II: Attention and Consciousness. Introduction. Three Kinds of Attention Processes. Divided Attention. Research on Divided Attention. Divided Attention and Practice. In Depth: Selective Attention. Dichotic Listening. The Stroop Effect. Other Visual Selective-Attention Effects. Saccadic Eye Movements. Explanations for Attention. Neuroscience Research on Attention. The Posterior Attention Network. The Anterior Attention Network. Using the Event-Related Potential Technique to Explore Attention. Theories of Attention. Early Theories of Attention. Automatic Versus Controlled Processing. Feature-Integration Theory. Consciousness. Consciousness About Our Higher Mental Processes. Thought Suppression. Blindsight. Chapter Review Questions. New Terms. Recommended Readings. C HAPTER 4. Working Memory. Introduction. The Classic Research on Working Memory (Short-Term Memory). George Miller's "Magical Number Seven". Other Early Research on Short-Term-Memory Capacity. The Brown/Peterson & Peterson Technique. The Recency Effect. Atkinson and Shiffrin's Model. Other Factors Affecting Working Memory's Capacity. Pronunciation Time. Semantic Similarity of the Items in Working Memory. The Working-Memory Approach. Evidence for Components with Independent Capacities. Phonological Loop. Other Research on the Phonological Loo