Who Calls the Shots? Sports and University Leadership, Culture, and Decision Making: Ashe Higher Education Report, Volume 30, Number 5 (Paperback)

Executive Summary vii

Foreword xiii

Preface and Acknowledgments xvii

Introduction and Overview 1

The Problem in Decision Making Related to Athletics 3

Interpretations of the Problems 5

Theoretical Context 9

Structure of the Monograph 12

Significance to Higher Education Study and Practice 12

The Athletics System in Higher Education 15

Contemporary Governing Organizations 16

Historical Context: Men, Women, Football, and University Growth 22

Dilemmas and Tensions Revealed by a Structural View 34

The Legal and Regulatory Context 37

Origins and Impact of Rules 38

Title IX: Prohibiting Gender Discrimination in Education 47

Summary and Implications 54

The Social and Cultural Context 57

Gender, Power, Privilege, and Intercollegiate Sports 58

The Gendering of Intercollegiate Athletics 59

Homophobia and Masculinity 63

Race and Intercollegiate Athletics: Opportunity or Exploitation? 65

Sports and Academic Culture 68

Sports and the American Psyche 70

Conclusion: Social and Cultural Shaping of Decision Making in 71

Intercollegiate Athletics

Economics and the Athletics System 73

Commercialization of Intercollegiate Athletics and the Entrepreneurial University 75

Summarizing the Impact of the Economics of Intercollegiate Athletics 86

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 89

The Athletics System and Intersecting Environmental Forces 90

Observations, Themes, and Recommendations 93

Conclusion 105

References 109

Name Index 117

Subject Index 121

About the Authors 125