High-Lift Aerodynamics (Hardcover)

1 Introduction 1.1 A short history of high-lift systems 1.1.1 Development of high-lift devices 1.1.2 Trends for large transport aircraft 1.2 The limits of safe flight 2 Limits of lift generation 2.1 Incompressible, inviscid flows 2.2 Compressibility effects 2.3 The influence of viscosity 2.4 Types of wing stall 3Airworthiness 3.1 The definition of the stall speed 3.2Speed definitions 3.2.1Take-off and climb 3.2.2 Approach and landing 3.2.3 Operating range in high-lift flight 3.3Flight phases 3.3.1 Take-off 3.3.2 Approach and landing 3.4 Flight path slope requirements 3.4.1 Take-off climb requirements 3.4.2Landing climb requirements 3.4.3 Steep approach 3.5 Load cases for stress assessment 3.5.1 Maneuver loads 3.5.2Gust loads 3.5.3 Operating loads 3.6 Noise classification 4 Aircraft performance at take-off and landing 4.1 General relations 4.1.1 Phases of high-lift flight 4.1.2 Ground effect 4.2 Aerodynamic performance indicators 4.2.1 Take-Off 4.2.2 Climb 4.2.3Approach 4.2.4 Landing 4.2.5 Short Take-Off and Landing 5 Passive high-lift systems 5.1Slotless devices 5.1.1 Plain flap 5.1.2 Split flap 5.1.3Gurney flap 5.1.4 Droop nose 5.1.5 Nose split flap (Krueger) 5.2 Slotted airfoils 5.2.1The theory of multi-element airfoil aerodynamics 5.2.2 Slats 5.2.3 Slotted Krueger flaps 5.2.4 Slotted flaps 5.2.5 Fowler flaps 5.2.6Double and triple slotted flaps 5.3Vortex generating devices 5.3.1Vortex generators 5.3.2Vortex generator arrays 5.3.3 Slat horn 5.3.4 Nacelle strakes 6 Active high-lift systems 6.1 Boundary layer control (BLC) 6.1.1 Boundary layer suction 6.1.2 Tangential blowing 6.1.3 Unsteady blowing 6.1.4 Vortex generating jets 6.1.5 Fluidic oscillator 6.1.6 Synthetic jets 6.2 Circulation control 6.2.1 The Coanda effect 6.2.2 Circulation control airfoil 6.2.3Coanda flap 6.2.4 Fluidic Gurneys 6.3 Thrust supported high-lift 6.3.1 Propulsive slipstream deflection 6.3.2 Externally blown flaps 6.3.3 Upper surface blowing (USB) 6.4 A remark on the application of active high-lift for civil transport aircraft 7 Simulation of high-lift flows 7.1 Experimental simulation 7.1.1Wind tunnels 7.1.2 Wind tunnel model types and installations 7.1.3 Wind tunnel corrections 7.1.4 Non-correctable sources of measurement errors 7.2 Numerical simulation 7.2.1 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 7.2.2 Panel method 7.2.3 Lifting-line method 8 Aerodynamic design of high-lift systems 8.1 The design process of high-lift systems 8.2 Geometric description of high-lift systems 8.2.1 High-lift system layouts 8.2.2 Planform parameters 8.2.3 Shape parameters 8.2.4 Position parameters 8.3 Constraints 8.3.1 Structural constraints 8.3.2 Kinematics constraints 8.4 Relation of airfoil and wing design 8.4.1 Wing design section 8.4.2 Swept wing transformation 8.4.3 Local sweep transformation 8.4.4 Transformations of high-lift device deflections 8.5 High-lift design optimization 8.5.1 Methodology of numerical optimization 8.5.2 Definition of the design problem 9 Glossary 10 Index