Multifunctional MIMO Antennas: Fundamentals and Application : Fundamentals and Applications (Hardcover)

Chapter 1 Introduction to Fractal Antennas and their role in MIMO Applications 1 Introduction 2Fractal for Antennas: The Techniques and Purpose 2. I Advantages and Disadvantages of Fractal Based Antennas 2. II Popular Fractal Geometries Used for Antennas3 Design of Fractal Antennas 3.I Recent Advances in Design of Fractal Antennas4 MIMO antennas using fractal geometry 4. I Realization Techniques 5 Special Fractal Antennas 6Summary and Conclusions Chapter 2. Multiband Hybrid Fractal Antennas For Smart Networks2.1 Introduction 2.2 Creating fractals by utilizing IFS method 2.2.1 Modified Koch Curve Fractal 2.2.2 Modified Sierpinski Gasket Fractal 2.2.3. Modified Pythagorean Tree Fractal 2.3 Hybrid Fractal Antennas 2.3.1 Koch-Meander Hybrid Fractal Antenna2.3.2 Modified Sierpinski -Meander Hybrid Fractal Antenna 2.3.3 Koch- Sierpinski Gasket -Sierpinski Carpet Hybrid Fractal Antenna 2.3.4 Koch- Meander Hybrid Fractal Symmetrical Antenna 2.4 Results and Discussions 2.4.1 Reflection Coefficient - Return Loss versus Frequency Graph2.4.2 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 2.4.3 Radiation Pattern - 2D & 3D 2.5 Conclusion References Chapter 3. Duplex Antenna System for MIMO Application 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1. Half Duplex 3.1.2. Full Duplex3.2 Types of Duplexer3.2.1. Transmit-Receive Switch3.2.2. Circulator3.2.3. Directional Coupler 3.3 Mutual Coupling in Patch Duplex Antenna3.3.1. EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure3.3.2. Defected Ground Structure 3.3.3. Decoupling Network 3.4 Applications of Duplex Antenna 3.4.1. 5G Communications in Frequency Range 1 (<6GHz)3.4.2. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Systems 3.4.3. IoT Networks 3.4.4. Cellular Networks 3.4.5. Wireless Communication and FMCW Radar Systems 3.4.6. Mobile Applications 3.5 Summary 3.6 ReferencesChapter 4. Comb Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna With Defected Ground Structure For MIMO Applications 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Basic Geometry of Microstrip Patch Antenna 4.1.2Basic Characteristics of Microstrip Patch Antenna4.1.3Various Patch Structures 4.2 Different Feeding Techniques 4.2.1Coaxial Probe Feeding 4.2.2 Microstrip Line Feeding 4.2.3 Aperture Coupled Feeding 4.2.4 Proximity Coupled Feeding 4.2.5 Some Mathematical Expressions for Calculation of Dimensions of MPA4.3 Radio Spectrum 4.4Advantages and Disadvantages 4.5 Defected Ground Structure (DGS) 4.5.1Need of DGS 4.5.2 First DGS Structure 4.5.3 Transmission Characteristics Of DGS 4.5.4 Equivalent Circuit of DGS 4.5.5 Advantages of DGS4.6Antenna Design 4.6.1Basic Rectangular Patch 4.6.2DGS Ground Layout 4.7. Simulated Results 4.7.1 Return Loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio Parameters 4.7.2 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) 4.7.3 Comparison of various iterations 4.7.4 Current Distribution 4.7.5 Radiation Pattern 4.7.6 Gain versus Frequency Graph 4.8. Conclusion ReferencesChapter 5 Multiband MIMO Antennas Table of Content 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Types of Multiband MIMO Antenna DGS 5.2.1 Higher-Order Resonances 5.2.2 Resonant Trap Antenna 5.2.3 Multiple Resonant Structures 5.2.4 Parasitic Resonators 5.2.5 Inverted F Antennas (IFA) 5.2.6 Planar Inverted F Antennas (PIFA) 5.3 Isolation Improvement Techniques in Multiband MIMO Antenna 5.3.1 Diversity Techniques 5.4 Multiband MIMO antenna design using Characteristic Mode Analysis 5.4.1 Theory of Characteristics Mode 5.4.2 Multiband MIMO Antenna Design Using CMA 5.4.3 Physical Understanding of Structure 5.5 Multiband MIMO Antenna Design Technique for Different Applications 5.5.1 Vehicular Application 5.5.2 Mobile Handset 5.5.3 Laptop/Tablet Application 5.5.4 IoT Application 5.5.5 5G Application 5.6 Summary Chapter 6: MIMO ANTENNA in UWB Applications 6.1Introduction 6.1.1Significance of Multiple antennas 6.1.2Basic Methodology & Techniques of MIMO Antenna6.2Antenna Design & Analysis of a simple UWB antenna& UWB MIMO antennam6.2.1Design and Analysis of an UWB antenna 6.2.2Design and Analysis of an UWB MIMO antenna 6.2.3 Comparison between UWB & UWB MIMO Antenna 6.3ConclusionReferences CHAPTER 7: FOUR ELEMENT WAVE PATCH MULTIBAND MIMO ANTENNA FOR 5G APPLICATION ABSTRACT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 ANTENNA CONFIGURATION7.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION7.3.1 Radiation Regions 7.3.2 Return Loss (S11)7.3.3 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 7.3.4 Two-dimensional radiation pattern 7.3.5 Three-dimensional radiation results 7.3.6 Cross-pole and Co-pole radiation pattern 7.3.7 Current distribution pattern7.4. MIMO PARAMETERS7.4.1 Isolation plots7.4.2 Envelope correlation coefficient 7.4.3 Diversity gain7.5 CONCLUSION7.6 REFERENCES Chapter 8 5G Communication Challenges and Opportunities ? SHAPING THE FUTURE Abstract 8.1 Introduction8.2Evolution of Mobile Technologies 8.2.1Why Is 5G Required? 8.2.2Characteristics of 5G Technology 8.2.3Applications of 5G Technology 8.3 The Backdrop of 5G 8.3.1 Spectrum allocated to different technology8.3.2Spectrum in case of 5G 8.3.3Access Network 8.3.4NFV and SDN 8.3.5SD-WAN 8.3.6Citizens Broadband Radio Service 8.3.7Private LTE Network 8.3.8 Slicing In 5G Network 8.4 Industrial Impact and Social Impact of 5G8.55G ? Harbinger of Industry 4.0 8.6Automating 5G 8.6.1 8.6.2Industry 4.0 Use Cases Enabled by 5G 5G Advances on Industry 4.0 8.75G Networks Adopting AI 8.7.1AI opportunities for service providers: Successful implementation and Challenges 8.85G MIMO Antennas 8.9Effect of COVID-19 on 5G 8.10Conclusion 8.11Future Scope References and Bibliography Chapter 9 Design Challenges in Planar Printed MIMO Antennas Abstract 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Design of MIMO Antennas with Shared Radiator9.3 Design of MIMO Antennas Having Multiple SAEs 9.4 Design Challenges in Planar Printed LP-MIMO Antennas Having Multiple SAEs 9.4.1 Unconnected Ground Planes 9.4.2 Inter-Element Spacing 9.4.3 Additional Decoupling Structures 9.5 Design Challenges in Planar Printed CP/Dual-CP MIMO Antennas Having Multiple SAEs9.5.1 3-dB ARBW Degradation in Closely Placed SAEs 9.5.2 Effect of Connecting Ground Structures on the 3-dB ARBW of the MIMO Antenna9.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions References Chapter 10: Four-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Wi-Fi and WLAN Applications Abstract 10.1Introduction 10.2 Antenna Configuration and Evolution 10.3 Evolution of F-Shaped Antenna10.4 Evolution of Ground Plane 10.5 Parametric Variation 10.6 Surface Current Distributions 10.7 Results and Discussion 10.7.1 Radiation Performance 10.7.2 Diversity Parameters Analysis Conclusion Chapter 11 MIMO Antenna Applications: RFID, WLAN, Wearable Antennas, and IoT11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2. RFID PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 11.2.1. MIMO EQUIPPED RFID FOR LOCALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION 11.2.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: UHF-RFID LISTENER 11.2.3 MOBILE ROBOT ARCHITECTURE 11.2.4 ANTENNA AND SYSTEM THEORY 11.2.5 MEASUREMENT RESULTS11.3 MIMO APPLICATION IN RFID11.3.1 BACKSCATTER CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS11.3.2 RESULTS Analysis11.4 MIMO IN WLAN WITH HYBRID BEAMFORMING (HBF)11.4.1 CHALLENGES IN MIMO IMPLEMENTATION 11.4.2 OVERCOMING CHALLENGES 11.4.3 SYSTEM EVALUATION11.4.4 DIFFERENT SCENARIOS 11.4.6 SOME RELATED APPLICATIONS 11.5 FABRIC WORN MIMO SYSTEM 11.5.1 DISTRIBUTED WEARABLE MIMO SYSTEM 11.5.2 BODY-AREA ANTENNA DESIGN 11.5.3 ANTENNA-ARRAY FOR WEARABLE FABRIC 11.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS