The Psychology of Attack Politics : Perceptions, Evaluations and Effects (Paperback)

Preface and acknowledgements

List of tables and figures

The authors?

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1. ??? Attack Politics is a Shady Business

1.1.1. ??? Defining Attack Politics

1.1.2. ??? All the Shades of Attack Politics: Negativity, Incivility, and Intolerance

1.1.3.? ?? Navigating the Spectrum of Attack Politics?

1.2. ??? A Constructivist Approach to Attack Politics

1.2.1. ??? What is Constructivism?

1.2.2. ??? Studying Attack Politics from a Constructivist Perspective

1.2.3. ??? The Logic of Attack Politics: Perceptions, Evaluations, and their Effects

1.2.4. ??? Message-, Person-, and Context-level Influences

1.3. ??? The Structure of this Book

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Chapter 2. Perceptions: Attack politics in the eye of the beholder

2.1. ??? Seeing attack politics for what it is

2.2. ??? Experimental evidence of message perceptions and their drivers?

2.2.1. ??? A multi-country experiment

2.2.2. ??? Perceptions of negativity, incivility, and intolerance

2.3. ??? Candidate and message effects: an exploration via a conjoint experiment

2.3.1. ??? A conjoint experiment

2.3.2. ??? Message effects

2.3.3. ??? Perceptual influences of partisanship and gender

2.3.4 ???? Personality and message characteristics

2.4. ??? Concluding remarks

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Chapter 3. Evaluations: Attack politics is a matter of taste

3.1. ??? Evaluating political attacks: Commonality, moral legitimacy, and entertainment value

3.1.1. ??? Political attacks as common

3.1.2. ??? Political attacks as morally legitimate

3.1.3. ??? Political attacks as entertaining

3.2. ??? Message evaluations and their drivers: evidence from a multi-country experiment

3.2.1. ??? Evaluations of negativity, incivility, intolerance

3.2.2. ??? Perceptions and evaluations

3.2.3. ??? Profile differences

3.2.4. ??? Country differences

3.3. ??? The role of message context: evidence from a conjoint experiment in the USA

3.2.1. ??? Main effects of the message

3.2.2. ??? Social acceptance and social control - legitimate when others support it?

3.2.3. ??? The Dark Triad and negativity, incivility, and intolerance

3.4. ??? Concluding remarks

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Chapter 4. Candidate likeability and backlash

4.1. ??? Winning that damn' election

4.1.1. ??? A large-scale dataset to measure negativity and incivility in elections worldwide

4.1.2. ??? Negativity and incivility worldwide

4.1.3. ??? Winning an election by going negative and uncivil?

4.2. ??? Candidate likeability

4.2.1. ??? Candidate likeability and ideology

4.2.2. ??? Candidate likeability and populist attitudes

4.3. ??? Experimental evidence

4.3.1. ??? Direct effects

4.3.2. ??? The mediating role of perceptions and evaluations

4.4. ??? Concluding remarks

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Chapter 5. Demobilization and radicalization

5.1. ??? A (de)mobilizing effect?

5.1.1. ??? Attack politics and interest in the election

5.1.2. ??? Attack politics and turnout?

5.2. ??? Attack politics and political violence

5.2.1. ??? Negative attitudes towards the outgroup

5.2.2. ??? Supporting political violence?

5.3. ??? Beyond politics

5.4. ??? Concluding remarks

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Chapter 6. Conclusion

6.1. ??? Main findings at a glance

6.1.2. ??? Not all attacks are alike

6.1.2. ??? We are not all equal before attack politics

6.1.3. ??? Context matters

6.1.4. ??? Perceptions and evaluations drive (some of) the effects of attack politics

6.2. ??? What does this all mean?

6.2.1. ??? For academics

6.2.2. ??? For practitioners

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References

?Appendices:?

Appendix A. Additional materials for Chapter 2

Appendix B. Additional materials for Chapter 3

Appendix C. Additional materials for Chapter 4

Appendix D. Additional materials for Chapter 5