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· 분류 : 외국도서 > 인문/사회 > 심리학 > 인지 심리학
· ISBN : 9781032980119
· 쪽수 : 388쪽
· 출판일 : 2025-05-07
목차
Preface
Chapter 1: Is Psychology a Science?
????????????? “Psychology is an inferior kind of science”
????????????? Reproducibility and the ‘replication crisis’
????????????? Highly controlled experimental conditions
????????????? Clearly defined terminology
????????????? Predictability and testability: The ‘theory crisis’
????????????? Conclusions
????????????? Myths in psychology
????????????? Summary and conclusions
Chapter 2: Visual perception
????????????? Myth: Subliminal messages can motivate people’s behaviour without their awareness
????????????? Myth: We generally detect changes in objects
Myth: Visual perception provides us with very rich and accurate information about the environment at a glance
Myth: Everyone agrees on the colour of a dress (or #theDress)
Myth: Most people are ‘face experts’
Why do we believe so many myths about visual perception?
Chapter 3: Mysteries of memory
????????????? Myth: “Memory is like a video camera”
Myth: Memories do not change over time: They are permanent
Myth: Repression and ‘return of the repressed’ are very common
Myth: Amnesic patients have forgotten their pasts
Myth: The only function of (episodic) memory is to provide access to our past experiences
Myth: Forgetting is a bad thing
Chapter 4: Thinking and cognition
????????????? Myth: 10,000 hours of practice produce outstanding performance
Myth: Brain training improves your brain functioning and intelligence
Myth: We only use 10% of our brains
Myth: AI (artificial intelligence) will soon be much more intelligent than humans
Myth: Nudges are very effective at changing people’s behaviour
Chapter 5: Intelligence
????????????? Myth: There are multiple intelligences in the human mind
Myth: It is important to match teaching methods to learning styles
Myth: Emotional intelligence is helpful in life
Myth: IQ scores only measure how good someone is at taking intelligence tests
Myth: Intelligence does not depend on genetic factors
Chapter 6: Personality
????????????? Myth: High self-esteem is highly desirable (and low self esteem very undesirable)
Myth: Situational factors overwhelm personality when predicting behaviour
Myth: Personality measures do not predict consequential outcomes (like health, wealth and divorce) well enough to be useful
Myth: Parenting practices are a major source of personality differences
Myth: Men are from Mars, women are from Venus (men and women have dramatically different personalities)
Chapter 7: Social psychology
????????????? Myth: Milgram proved that most people will obey immoral orders
????????????? Myth: Crowds typically panic in threatening situations
Myth: Zimbardo proved that the power structure in prisons makes guards aggressive and violent
Myth: Individual differences in attitudes are mostly learned
Myth: Happiness is influenced most strongly by what happens to us
Chapter 8: Mental disorders and their treatment
????????????? Myth: Mental illnesses are due almost entirely to people’s life experiences
Myth: Psychiatric diagnoses or labels stigmatise people
Myth: The Rorschach Inkblot test is a very useful way of diagnosing most mental illnesses
Myth: People with multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder) have more than one distinct personality
Myth: Most psychotherapy requires lying on a couch and recalling one’s childhood
Myth: Antidepressants are much more effective than psychotherapy for treating depression
Chapter 9: Psychology and the law
Myth: An eyewitness’s confidence is never a good predictor of their identification accuracy
Myth: Experts can nearly always identify the culprit from fingerprinting evidence
Myth: DNA tests are almost infallible for identifying culprits
Myth: The polygraph test is very good at detecting lying
Myth: Hypnosis enhances eyewitnesses’ memory
Myth: Offender profiling is (very) useful in identifying culprits
Chapter 10: How to become a mythbuster
Why do people subscribe to myths?
Distorted research: Biased experimental design, reporting, and interpretations of findings
Biased textbook coverage
Members of the public: Confirmation bias or wishful thinking
Members of the public: Deficient thinking about intrinsically improbable beliefs
Members of the public: Mistaken extrapolation from limited personal experience
Members of the public: Plausible beliefs based on general knowledge (kernel of truth)
Conclusions
Chapter 11: Brave new world
????????????? Experiments: The gold standard?
Developing new methods
Experimenter bias
The jingle-jangle fallacies
Granularity problem
Scientific analysis: Meta-analysis
Scientific reporting
Psychology as a cumulative science
Conclusions
References
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