[eBook Code] 3D Visual Communications (eBook Code, 1st)

Preface ix

About the Authors xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Why 3D Communications? 1

1.2 End-to-End 3D Visual Ecosystem 3

1.3 3D Visual Communications 10

1.4 Challenges and Opportunities 11

References 15

2 3D Graphics and Rendering 17

2.1 3DTV Content Processing Procedure 19

2.2 3D Scene Representation with Explicit Geometry – Geometry Based Representation 22

2.3 3D Scene Representation without Geometry – Image-Based Representation 43

2.4 3D Scene Representation with Implicit Geometry – Depth-Image-Based Representation 51

References 57

3 3D Display Systems 63

3.1 Depth Cues and Applications to 3D Display 63

3.2 Stereoscopic Display 65

3.3 Autostereoscopic Display 71

3.4 Multi-View System 78

3.5 Recent Advances in Hologram System Study 83

References 84

4 3D Content Creation 85

4.1 3D Scene Modeling and Creation 85

4.2 3D Content Capturing 87

4.3 2D-to-3D Video Conversion 101

4.4 3D Multi-View Generation 125

References 126

5 3D Video Coding and Standards 129

5.1 Fundamentals of Video Coding 129

5.2 Two-View Stereo Video Coding 142

5.3 Frame-Compatible Stereo Coding 144

5.4 Video Plus Depth Coding 148

5.5 Multiple View Coding 156

5.6 Multi-View Video Plus Depth (MVD) Video 160

5.7 Layered Depth Video (LDV) 163

5.8 MPEG-4 BIFS and AFX 165

5.9 Free-View Point Video 166

References 167

6 Communication Networks 171

6.1 IP Networks 171

6.2 Wireless Communications 174

6.3 Wireless Networking 193

6.4 4G Standards and Systems 193

References 203

7 Quality of Experience 205

7.1 3D Artifacts 205

7.2 QoE Measurement 220

7.3 QoE Oriented System Design 247

References 250

8 3D Video over Networks 259

8.1 Transmission-Induced Error 259

8.2 Error Resilience 267

8.3 Error Concealment 270

8.4 Unequal Error Protection 275

8.5 Multiple Description Coding 279

8.6 Cross-Layer Design 282

References 286

9 3D Applications 289

9.1 Glass-Less Two-View Systems 289

9.2 3D Capture and Display Systems 291

9.3 Two-View Gaming Systems 294

9.4 3D Mobile 298

9.5 Augmented Reality 302

References 309

10 Advanced 3D Video Streaming Applications 313

10.1 Rate Control in Adaptive Streaming 313

10.2 Multi-View Video View Switching 321

10.3 Peer-to-Peer 3D Video Streaming 325

10.4 3D Video Broadcasting 328

10.5 3D Video over 4G Networks 329

References 331

Index 335