[eBook Code] Quotatives (eBook Code, 1st)

Acknowledgements vii

List of Figures xi

List of Tables xiii

1 Introduction: What’s New about the New Quotatives? 1

The History of Innovative Quotatives 4

Why? 12

2 You Can Quote Me On That: Defining Quotation 34

Defining Quotation 37

Direct versus Indirect Quotes 55

Why Does itMatter? The Ramifications of Variable Definition 64

3 Variation and Change in the Quotative System: The Global versus the Local 89

Tracing the Global Attestation of Innovative Quotatives 90

Investigating Models of Diffusion 93

Investigating the Global Reality of Innovative Quotatives 97

Putting It All Together 134

4 Quotation across the Generations: A Short History of Speech and Thought Reporting 148

Tracing Quotation in Tyneside English across the Past 60 Years 150

Quotations across the Decades: Tracing the Changes in the Variable Grammar 166

How to Create Variability in a Low Entropy System? 183

5 Ideologies and Attitudes to Newcomer Quotatives 198

Don’t Sound Stupid, Stop Saying like 198

Language Ideologies: Facts and Fiction 202

Testing Attitudes towards the Innovative Quotatives 207

What Type of Person would use such a Form? Testing Associations with Personality Traits 210

Where do be like and go come from? Investigating the Perceptual Geographies of Innovative Quotatives 221

Social Perceptions Associated with be like and go 227

Youth Inarticulateness and the Pedagogical Debate 234

6 Lessons Learned from Research on Quotation 245

The Innovative Quotatives: A New, Uniform and Unique Phenomenon? 245

The Elephant in the Room: Situating Quotation in Linguistic Modularity 251

Tackling Some Illusions 256

Tracing the Present and Future of Quotative Forms 258

Conclusion 270

Appendix 1 Linear Regression Analysis Investigating the Conditioning Factors on the Quotative System in the US and the UK 278

Appendix 2 Alternative Cross-Tabulations 279

Appendix 3 Social Attitudes Survey 284

Index 295