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· 분류 : 외국도서 > 교육/자료 > 교육 > 교수법/자료 > 읽기/파닉스
· ISBN : 9781118944547
· 쪽수 : 320쪽
목차
Companion Website ix
Preface to Third Edition x
Note to the Instructor xi
Abbreviations xiii
Chapter 1 Phonetics 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Phonetic Transcription 1
1.3 Description and Articulation of Sounds of English 4
1.3.1 The Vocal Tract 4
1.3.2 Voicing 5
1.3.3 Places of Articulation 6
1.3.4 Manners of Articulation 7
1.3.5 Voice Onset Time 9
1.3.6 Vowels and Diphthongs 11
1.4 Additional Sounds 13
1.4.1 States of the Glottis 13
1.4.2 Places and Manners of Articulation 13
1.4.3 Secondary Articulations 17
1.4.4 Consonants Made With Non‐Pulmonic Airstream Mechanisms 17
1.4.5 Vowels 19
1.5 Cardinal Vowels 19
1.6 Syllables and Suprasegmentals 20
Summary 24
Exercises 24
Chapter 2 Phonology 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Complementary Versus Overlapping Distribution 32
2.2.1 Overlapping Distribution and Contrast 32
2.2.2 Complementary Distribution 34
2.3 Phonemic Analysis: A Mini‐Demo 38
2.4 Free Variation 46
2.5 Morphophonology 47
2.6 Practical Uses of Phonological Analysis 49
Summary 52
Exercises 53
Chapter 3 English Consonants 59
3.1 Stops 59
3.2 Fricatives 65
3.3 Affricates 68
3.4 Nasals 69
3.5 Approximants 71
3.6 Sociophonetic Variation 74
Summary 75
Exercises 75
Chapter 4 English Vowels 80
4.1 Introduction 80
4.2 Vowel Set of American English 80
4.2.1 Phonetic Properties of Vowels 81
4.2.2 Tense–Lax 82
4.2.3 Nasalized Vowels 83
4.2.4 Length 84
4.2.5 Vowels Before /ɹ̣/ 84
4.2.6 Vowels Before /L/ 85
4.3 Front Vowels 86
4.4 Central Vowels 87
4.5 Back Vowels 88
4.6 Diphthongs 89
4.7 Sociophonetic Variation 92
4.8 Non‐US Varieties 92
4.9 Full Vowels–Reduced Vowels 95
4.10 Full (Strong) Forms Versus Reduced (Weak) Forms of Function Words 97
Summary 99
Exercises 100
Chapter 5 Acoustics of Vowels and Consonants 104
5.1 Introduction 104
5.2 Spectrographic Analysis 106
5.3 Vowels and Diphthongs 107
5.4 Consonants 112
5.4.1 Obstruents 112
5.4.2 Sonorant Consonants 120
5.5 Putting It Together 122
5.6 Waveform Analysis 125
5.7 Context 141
5.8 Practical Applications: Some Examples 143
Summary 145
Appendix 146
Exercises 148
Chapter 6 Syllables 154
6.1 Introduction 154
6.2 Number of Syllables 157
6.3 Sonority 158
6.4 Syllabification 160
6.5 English Syllable Phonotactics 162
6.5.1 Single Onsets 163
6.5.2 Double Onsets 163
6.5.3 Triple Onsets 165
6.5.4 Codas 166
6.5.5 Double Codas 166
6.5.6 Triple Codas 166
6.6 Written Syllabification 170
6.7 Syllable Weight and Ambisyllabicity 173
6.8 Practical Applications 174
Summary 177
Exercises 177
Chapter 7 Stress and Intonation 180
7.1 Introduction 180
7.2 Noun and Adjective Stress 181
7.3 Verb Stress 184
7.4 Secondary Stress 186
7.5 Affixes 188
7.5.1 Stress‐Bearing (Attracting) Suffixes 189
7.5.2 Stress‐Neutral Suffixes 189
7.5.3 Stress‐Shifting (Fixing) Suffixes 190
7.6 Stress in Compounds 192
7.7 Differences Between American and British English 193
7.8 Intonation 196
7.9 Variations Among the Varieties 201
Summary 202
Exercises 203
Chapter 8 Structural Factors in Second Language Phonology 206
8.1 Introduction 206
8.2 Spanish–English Mini Contrastive Analysis 210
8.3 Differential Treatment of Mismatches 215
8.3.1 Basic vs. Derived Context 216
8.3.2 Deflected Contrast 217
8.3.3 Hypercontrast 218
8.4 Markedness 218
8.5 Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (OPM) 225
8.6 Optimality Theory (OT) 227
8.7 Perception 231
8.8 Bilingual Phonology 237
8.9 Loan Phonology 240
Summary 242
Appendix A 243
Appendix B 251
Exercises 252
Chapter 9 Spelling and Pronunciation 255
9.1 Irregularity of English Spelling 255
9.2 Phoneme–Grapheme Correspondences in English 257
9.2.1 Consonants 257
9.2.2 Vowels 261
9.3 Morphological Basis of English Spelling 265
9.4 American English vs. British English 267
Summary 269
Exercises 270
Recommended Readings 273
Appendix: List of Sound Files 276
Glossary 281
References 288
Index 298