[eBook Code] Hydraulic Modeling (eBook Code, 1st)

Introduction 1

1 Fundamentals of Modeling 5

1.1 Modeling as the Method of Cognition 5

1.2 Hydraulic and Numerical Modeling 8

1.3 Dimensions of Quantity 14

1.4 Conditions of Similarity 22

1.5 About the Newton’s Law of Similarity 27

2 The Mathematical Models of Fluid Motion 31

2.1 Preliminary Remarks 31

2.2 Conditions of Mass and Momentum Conservation 33

2.3 Non-Viscous Fluid 36

2.4 Viscous Fluid 39

2.5 Turbulence 46

2.6 Boundary Conditions 67

2.7 Averaging on Space and Time 78

2.8 Numerical Modeling 89

3 Approximate Similarity of Hydraulic Phenomenon 101

3.1 Inconsistency of Similarity Criterion 101

3.2 Approximate Similarity and Distorted Model 103

3.3 Self-Similarity 104

3.4 Finding of Approximate Similarity Conditions With Application of Dimension Theory 111

3.5 Phenomenon Characterization and Criterions Combination 117

4 Pressure Flows 121

4.1 Uniform Stream 121

4.2 Non-Uniform Flow 153

4.3 Non-Stationary Flow 169

5 Open Flow in Hard Channel 183

5.1 Specific Character of Open Flows. Role of Froude and Euler Criterions 183

5.2 Self-Similarity of Open Flows in Reynolds Criterion. Turbulence Characteristics 192

5.3 Simulation of Flow Plan for Channel Flow 203

5.4 Non-Steady Open Flows 214

5.5 Pressure Model of Open Flow 232

6 Multi-Component Flows 249

6.1 General View 249

6.2 Transfer of Solids by Fluids 251

6.3 Gas Involvement from the Free Surface 263

6.4 Structure of Gas-Fluid Flows 272

7 Flow in the Deformable Channel 279

7.1 Features of Riverbed Deformations Modeling 279

7.2 Local Erosion in the Cohesionless Ground 281

7.3 Local Erosions in Solid and Rocky Grounds 291

7.4 Alluvial River-Bed Planned Deformations 300

7.5 The Ratio of the River-Bed Averaged Characteristics in Nature and on the Model 310

7.6 Determining of Planned Deformations on the Pressure Model 317

7.7 “Hybrid” Modeling of River-Bed Deformations 321

7.8 Flow in the Channel with Grassy Vegetation 328

8 Heat and Mass Transfer and Phase Transitions 343

8.1 Heat Transfer in the Equipment Elements 343

8.2 Transport Processes in the Fluid 352

8.3 Heat Transfer in the Water Reservoirs-Coolers 376

8.4 Phase Transformations 388

8.5 Cavitation 391

9 Hydrodynamic Loads 399

9.1 The Structure and the Variants of Loading Schemes 400

9.2 Pressure Pulsations at the Points of Border Flow 414

9.3 Jet Impact 472

9.4 Vibrations 482

9.5 Hydroelasticity 495

9.6 Complex Modeling of Hydrodynamic Loads 504

9.6.1 Pressure Pulsations at the Point of Water Fight Against Measurements in Nature and Model 505

9.6.2 The Pulsation Pressure in the Head Spillway Measurement in Nature and Model 532

9.6.3 Complex Modeling of Stress Under Hydrodynamic Loads 548

Conclusion 557

References 559

Addition Reference (Index A) 571

Appendix 579

Index 589