Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice (Paperback, 8)

Preface

About the Authors

Section One: The Multiple Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Part I: The Affective and Conceptual Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling/Therapy

Chapter 1: Obstacles to Developing Cultural Competence & Cultural Humility: Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training

Chapter Objectives

Reactions to Reading Counseling the Culturally Diverse

Emotional Self-Revelation and Fears: Majority Group Members

Emotional Invalidation versus Affirmation: For Marginalized Group Members

Recognizing and Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training

Cultural Competence and Emotions

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 2: Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT)

Chapter Objectives

Culture Universal (Etic) vs. Culture Specific (Emic) Formulations

The Nature of Multicultural Counseling Competence

A Tripartite Framework for Understanding the Multiple Dimensions of Identity

Individual and Universal Biases in Psychology and Mental Health

The Impact of Group Identities on Counseling and Psychotherapy

What Is Multicultural Counseling and Therapy?

What Is Cultural Competence?

Social Justice and Cultural Competence

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 3: Multicultural Counseling Competence for Counselors and Therapists of Marginalized Groups

Chapter Objectives

Interracial and Interethnic Biases

Impact on Interracial Counseling Relationships

Stereotypes Held by Socially Marginalized Group Members

The Who-is-More Oppressed Game

Counselors from Marginalized Groups Working with Majority and Other Marginalized Group Clients

The Politics of Interethnic and Interracial Bias and Discrimination

The Historical and Political Relationships between Groups of Color

Differences between Racial/Ethnic Groups

Counselors of Color and Dyadic Combinations

Situation 4: Viewing the Counselor of Color as a Super Minority     Counselor

Situation 5: Dealing with Client Expressions of Racism    

Situation 3: Experiencing Clashes in Communication and Counseling Styles

Situation 4: Receiving and Expressing Racial Animosity

Situation 5: Dealing with the Racial Identity Status of Counselors and Clients

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Part II: The Impact and Social Justice Implications of Counseling and Psychotherapy

Chapter 4: The Political and Social Justice Implications of Counseling and Psychotherapy

Chapter Objectives

The Mental Health Impact of Sociopolitical Oppression

Sociopolitical Oppression and the Training of Counseling/Mental Health Professionals

The Education and Training of Mental Health Professionals

Definitions of Mental Health

Curriculum and Training Deficiencies

Counseling and Mental Health Literature

The Need to Treat Social Problems—Social Justice Counseling

Principle 1: A Failure to Develop a Balanced Perspective between Person and System Focus Can Result in False Attribution of the Problem.

Principle 2: A Failure to Develop a Balanced Perspective between Person and System Focus Can Result in an Ineffective and Inaccurate Treatment Plan Potentially Harmful to the Client.

Principle 3: When the Client Is an Organization or a Larger System and Not an Individual, a Major Paradigm Shift Is Required to Attain a True Understanding of Problem and Solution Identification.

Principle 4: Organizations Are Microcosms of the Wider Society from Which They Originate. As a Result, They Are Likely to Be Reflections of the Monocultural Values and Practices of the Larger Culture.

Principle 5: Organizations Are Powerful Entities That Inevitably Resist Change and Possess Many Ways to Force Compliance among Workers. Going against the Policies, Practices, and Procedures of the Institution, for Example, Can Bring about Major Punitive Actions.

Principle 6: When Multicultural Organizational Development Is Required, Alternative Helping Roles that Emphasize Systems Intervention and Advocacy Skills Must Be Part of the Repertoire of the Mental Health Professional.

Principle 7: Although Remediation Will Always Be Needed, Prevention Is Better.

Social Justice Counseling

Advocacy for Organizational Change

Social Justice Advocacy and Cultural Humility

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 5: The Impact of Systemic Oppression within the Counseling Process

Chapter Objectives

Counseling Practice as a Racial-Cultural Microcosm

Effects of Historical and Current Oppression

Formation of Individual and Systemic Worldviews

Formation of Worldviews

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 6: Microaggressions in Counseling and Psychotherapy By Christina M. Capodilupo

Chapter Objectives

Contemporary Forms of Oppression

The Evolution of the “Isms:” Microaggressions

The Dynamics and Dilemmas of Microaggressions

Therapeutic Implications

Manifestation of Microaggressions in Counseling/Therapy

The Path Forward

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Part III: The Practice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling/Therapy


Chapter 7: Multicultural Barriers and the Helping Professional:  The Individual Interplay of Cultural Perspectives

Chapter Objectives

Standard Characteristics of Mainstream Counseling

Culture-Bound Values

Class-Bound Values

Language Barriers

Patterns of “American” Cultural Assumptions and Multicultural Family Counseling/Therapy

Overgeneralizing and Stereotyping

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 8: Communication Style and its Impact on Counseling and Psychotherapy

Chapter Objectives

Communication Styles

Sociopolitical Facets of Nonverbal Communication

Counseling and Therapy as Communication Style

Implications for Multicultural Counseling/Therapy

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 9: Multicultural Evidence-Based Practice

Chapter Objectives

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Multiculturalism

Empirically Supported Treatment (EST)

Implications

Empirically Supported Relationships (ESRs)

The Therapeutic Alliance

Emotional or Interpersonal Bond

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Diversity Issues in Counseling

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 10: Non-Western Indigenous Methods of Healing: Implications for Counseling and Therapy

Chapter Objectives

Worldviews and Cultural Syndromes

The Shaman and Traditional Healer as Therapist: Commonalities

The Principles of Indigenous Healing

Examples of Indigenous Healing Approaches

Dangers and Benefits of Spirituality

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Part IV: Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Attitudes in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Chapter 11: Racial, Ethnic, Cultural (REC) Identity Attitudes in People of Color: Counseling Implications

Chapter Objectives

Racial, Ethnic, Cultural (REC) Identity Attitude Models

Foundational REC Models

A General Model of REC Identity

Counseling Implications of the R/CID Model

Value of a General REC Identity Framework

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 12: White Racial Identity Development: Counseling Implications

Chapter Objectives

Understanding the Dynamics of Whiteness

Models of White Racial Identity Development

The Process of White Racial Identity Development: A Descriptive Model

White Antiracist Identifications

Principles of Prejudice Reduction

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Section Two: Multicultural Counseling and Specific Populations

Part V: Understanding Specific Populations

Chapter 13: Culturally Responsive Assessment*

*We are grateful for the help of Diane M. Sue in the development of this chapter.

Chapter Objectives

Therapist Variables Affecting Diagnosis

Cultural Competence and Preventing Diagnostic Errors

Infusing Cultural Relevance into Standard Clinical Assessments

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Part VI: Counseling and Therapy with Racial/Ethnic Minority Group Populations

Chapter 14: Counseling African Americans

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 15: Counseling American Indians/Native Americans and Alaska Natives

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 16: Counseling Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 17: Counseling Latinx Individuals*

*We are grateful for the help of Diane M. Sue in the production of this chapter.

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 18: Counseling Multiracial Individuals

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

A Multiracial Bill of Rights

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Part VII: Counseling and Special Circumstances Involving Racial/Ethnic Populations

Chapter 19: Counseling Arab Americans and Muslim Americans

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 20: Counseling Immigrants and Refugees

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 21: Counseling Jewish Americans

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Part VIII: Counseling and Therapy with Other Multicultural Populations

Chapter 22: Counseling Individuals with Disabilities

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 23: Counseling LGBT Individuals

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 24: Counseling Older Adults

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 25: Counseling Individuals Living in Poverty

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Chapter 26: Counseling Women

*We are grateful for the help of Diane M. Sue in the production of this chapter.

Chapter Objectives

Characteristics and Strengths

Specific Challenges

Implications for Clinical Practice

Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index