Canine Lameness (Paperback)

· 제목 : Canine Lameness (Paperback) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 의학 > 수의학
· ISBN : 9781119474029
· 쪽수 : 439쪽

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Editor Biography

About the website

Part 1: Lameness Diagnosis

Section I: Lameness Evaluation

Chapter 1 Subjective Gait Evaluation

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Observation at Rest

1.3 Observation in Motion

1.3.1 Presentation

1.3.2 Gait Patterns

1.3.3 Head Nod and Pelvic Tilt

1.3.4 Lameness Characteristics

1.3.5 Lameness Grading

1.4 References

Chapter 2 Objective Gait Analysis

2.1 Intro

2.2 Kinetic Analysis

2.2.1 Force Plate Systems: The Basics

2.2.2 Force Plate Systems: Kinetic Measurements

2.2.3 Force Plate Systems: Clinically Reported Values

2.2.4 Pressure Sensitive Walkway Systems: The Basics

2.2.5 Pressure Sensitive Walkway Systems: Clinically Reported Values

2.2.6 Static or Standing Kinetic Analysis

2.3 Kinematic Analysis

2.3.1 Description and Measurement of Joint Motion

2.3.2 Kinematic Systems

2.3.3 Kinematic Models

2.3.4 Other Methods of Kinematic Analysis

2.3.5 Kinematic Variables

2.4 Making the Best of Your Gait Data Collection

2.4.1 Habituation

2.4.2 Animal Handlers

2.4.3 Velocity and Acceleration

2.4.4 Marker Application

2.4.5 Comparing Averages

2.5 Evaluating Gait Data

2.5.1 Normalization to Body Weight

2.5.2 Percent Change

2.5.3 Gait Symmetry

2.6 References

Chapter 3 The Orthopedic Examination

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Orthopedic Examination

3.2.1 History and Signalment

3.2.2 Visual Exam

3.2.3 Palpation

3.3 References

Chapter 4 The Neurologic Examination

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Neuroanatomy Related to Limb Function

4.2.1 Anatomical Components of the Nervous System

4.2.2 Functional Components of the Nervous System

4.3 The Neurologic Examination

4.3.1 Mentation Status (Awareness) and Behavior

4.3.2 Posture

4.3.3 Gait

4.3.4 Cranial Nerves

4.3.5 Postural Reactions

4.3.6 Muscle Mass and Tone

4.3.7 Spinal Reflexes

4.4 Diagnostic Tests

4.4.1 Survey Radiographs

4.4.2 Myelography

4.4.3 Computed Tomography

4.4.4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

4.4.5 Electrodiagnostic Examination

4.4.6 Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis

4.5 References

Chapter 5 The Rehabilitation Examination

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Passive Range of Motion

5.2.1 How to Perform Passive Range of Motion Testing

5.2.2 How to Interpret Passive Range of Motion Testing

5.3 Joint Play

5.3.1 How to Perform Joint Play Testing

5.3.2. How to Interpret Joint Play Testing

5.4 Flexibility Testing

5.4.1 How to Perform Flexibility Testing

5.4.2 How to Interpret Flexibility Testing

5.5 Strength Testing

5.5.1 How to Perform Strength Testing

5.5.2 How to Interpret Strength Testing

5.6 References

Chapter 6 The Myofascial Examination

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Characteristics of Myofascial Trigger Points

6.3 Etiology and Pathophysiology of Myofascial Trigger Points

6.4 The Myofascial Examination

6.5 Myofascial Pain Syndrome Patterns Associated with Lameness

6.6 Clinical Significance

6.7 References

Section II: Diagnostic Techniques

Chapter 7 Arthrocentesis Technique

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Risks and Contraindications

7.3 Restraint

7.4 Site Preparation

7.5 Equipment

7.6 Approaches

7.6.1 Carpus

7.6.2 Elbow

7.6.3 Shoulder

7.6.4 Tarsus

7.6.5 Stifle

7.6.6 Hip

7.7 References

Chapter 8 Diagnostic Joint Anesthesia

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Patient Selection

8.3 Sedation Protocols

8.4 Intra-articular Anesthetic Instillation

8.5 Lameness Evaluation and Interpreting the Effect of Diagnostic Joint Anesthesia

8.6 References

Chapter 9 Joint Fluid Analysis and Collection Considerations

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Sample Submission and Prioritization of Diagnostic Tests

9.3 Gross, Biochemical, and Cytologic Examination

9.3.1 Gross Appearance

9.3.2 Protein Concentration

9.3.3 Total Nucleated Cell Counts

9.3.4 Cytological Analysis

9.3.5 Mucin Clot Test

9.4 Canine Arthropathies

9.4.1 Suppurative Arthropathies

9.4.2 Non-suppurative Arthropathies

9.4.3 Neoplasia

9.5 References

Chapter 10 Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in Lameness Evaluation

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Radiography

10.3 Ultrasonography

10.4 Computed Tomography

10.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

10.6 Nuclear Medicine

10.7 References

Chapter 11 Diagnostic Approach to Neoplastic Conditions Causing Lameness

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Diagnostic Methods

11.2.1 Physical Examination

11.2.2 Fine-needle Aspirate and Biopsy

11.2.3 Diagnostic Imaging

11.2.4 Staging

11.3 Specific Tumors

11.3.1 Skin and Subcutaneous Neoplasia

11.3.2 Muscle Neoplasia

11.3.3 Bone Neoplasia

11.3.4 Joint Capsule Neoplasia

11.4 References

Part 2: Regional Diagnosis

Section III: Thoracic Lameness

Chapter 12 Distal Limb Region: Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Digits, Sesamoids, and Associated Structures

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Normal Anatomy

12.2.1 Thoracic Limb

12.2.2 Pelvic Limb

12.2.3 Function, Posture and Carriage

12.3 Arthritis

12.4 Fractures

12.4.1 Metacarpal and Metatarsal Fractures

12.4.2 Digit Fractures and Luxations

12.4.3 Sesamoid Disease

12.5 Conditions of Muscles, Tendon, and Ligaments

12.5.1 Dorsal Digital Ligament Sprain

12.5.2 Digital Flexor Muscle and Tendon Injuries

12.6 Conditions of the Digital and Paw Pads

12.6.1 Trauma

12.6.2 Corns

12.6.3 Abnormal Wear and Migration

12.6.4 Dermatologic Conditions Causing Lameness

12.7 Conditions of the Digit/Paw Skin

12.7.1 Interdigital Web Injuries

12.7.2 Pododermatitis

12.7.3 Acral Lick Dermatitis

12.8 Conditions of the Claws

12.8.1 Trauma

12.8.2 Paronychia

12.8.3 Deformed Claws

12.8.4 Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy

12.9 Other Conditions Affecting the Distal Limb Region

12.9.1 Neurological Conditions

12.9.2 Dysostoses

12.9.3 Hypertrophic Osteopathy

12.9.4 Metabolic Bone Diseases

12.9.5 Distal Limb Region Neoplasia

12.10 References

Chapter 13 Carpal Region

13.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses

13.2 Normal Anatomy and Osteoarthritis

13.2.1 Immune-mediated Polyarthritis

13.3 Fractures of the Carpal Region

13.3.1 Signalment and History

13.3.2 Physical Examination

13.3.3 Diagnostics

13.4 Carpal Hyperextension and Other Carpal Ligamentous Injuries

13.4.1 Signalment and History

13.4.2 Physical Examination

13.4.3 Diagnostics

13.4.4 Other Carpal Ligamentous Injuries

13.5 Deformities of the Carpal Region

13.5.1 Signalment and History

13.5.2 Physical Examination

13.5.3 Diagnostics

13.6 Tendinous and Muscular Lesions of the Carpal Region

13.7 Other Diseases Affecting the Carpal Region

13.7.1 Lack or Loss of Carpal Extension

13.7.2 Lack or Loss of Carpal Flexion

13.7.3 Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy

13.7.4 Shearing Injuries

13.7.5 Carpal Region Neoplasia

13.7.6 Miscellaneous Other Conditions

13.8 References

Chapter 14 Elbow Region

14.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses

14.2 Normal Anatomy and Arthritis

14.3 Fractures of the Elbow Region

14.3.1 Signalment and History

14.3.2 Physical Exam

14.3.3 Diagnostics

14.4 Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle

14.4.1 Signalment and History

14.4.2 Physical Exam

14.4.3 Diagnostics

14.5 Elbow Dysplasia/Incongruity

14.6 Medial Compartment Disease

14.6.1 Signalment and History

14.6.2 Physical Exam

14.6.3 Diagnostics

14.7 Traumatic Fracture of the Medial Coronoid Process

14.8 Osteochondrosis Dissecans

14.9 Ununited Anconeal Process

14.9.1 Signalment and History

14.9.2 Physical Exam

14.9.3 Diagnostics

14.10 Elbow Luxation

14.10.1 Signalment and History

14.10.2 Physical Exam

14.10.3 Diagnostics

14.11 Panosteitis

14.11.1 Signalment and History

14.11.2 Physical Exam

14.11.3 Diagnostics

14.12 Septic Arthritis

14.12.1 Signalment and History

14.12.2. Physical Exam

14.12.3 Diagnostics

14.13 Flexor Enthesopathy

14.13.1 Signalment and History

14.13.2 Physical Exam

14.13.3 Diagnostics

14.14 Other Diseases Affecting the Elbow Region

14.14.1 Calcinosis Circumscripta

14.14.2 Radioulnar Ischemic Necrosis

14.14.3 Triceps Tendon Disruption

14.14.4 Elbow Region Neoplasia

14.14.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions

14.15 References

Chapter 15 Shoulder Region

15.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses

15.2 Normal Anatomy and Osteoarthritis

15.3 Fractures of the Shoulder Region

15.4 Medial Shoulder Instability

15.4.1 Signalment and History

15.4.2 Physical Exam

15.4.3 Diagnostics

15.5 Traumatic shoulder luxation

15.5.1 Signalment and History

15.5.2 Physical Exam

15.5.3 Diagnostics

15.6 Biceps Brachii Tendinopathy

15.6.1 Signalment and History

15.6.2 Physical Exam

15.6.3 Diagnostics

15.7 Supraspinatus Tendinopathy

15.7.1 Signalment and History

15.7.2 Physical Exam

15.7.3 Diagnostics

15.8 Infraspinatus Disease

15.8.1 Signalment and History

15.8.2 Physical Exam

15.8.3 Diagnostics

15.9 Osteochondrosis Dissecans

15.9.1 Signalment and History

15.9.2 Physical Exam

15.9.3 Diagnostics

15.10 Other Diseases Affecting the Shoulder Region

15.10.1 Caudal Glenoid Fragments

15.10.2 Glenoid Dysplasia

15.10.3 Adhesive Capsulitis

15.10.4 Shoulder Region Neoplasia

15.10.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions

15.11 References

Section IV: Pelvic Lameness

Chapter 16 Neurological Disease of the Thoracic Limb

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Relevant Anatomy

16.3. Neurological Diseases Affecting the Thoracic limb

16.3.1 Myelopathies and Radiculopathies

16.3.2. Neuropathies (Nerves and Brachial Plexus)

16.3.3 Myopathies and Junctionopathies

16.3.4 Other Spinal Diseases Affecting the Thoracic Limb

16.4 References

Chapter 17 Neoplastic Conditions of the Thoracic Limb

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Neoplasia of Specific Regions

17.2.1 Distal Limb Region

17.2.2. Carpal Region

17.2.3. Elbow Region

17.2.4. Shoulder Region

17.2.5. Nervous System

17.3 References

Chapter 18 Tarsal Region

18.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses

18.2 Normal Anatomy

18.3 Fractures of the Tarsal Region

18.3.1 Signalment and History

18.3.2 Physical Exam

18.3.3 Diagnostics

18.4 Tarsal Joint Luxations

18.4.1 Signalment and History

18.4.2 Physical Exam

18.4.3 Diagnostics

18.5 Pathology of the Common Calcanean Tendon

18.5.1 Traumatic Rupture

18.5.2 Chronic Gastrocnemius Tendinopathy

18.5.3 Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

18.6 Osteochondrosis Dissecans

18.6.1 Signalment and History

18.6.2 Physical Exam

18.6.3 Diagnostics

18.7 Other Diseases Affecting the Tarsal Region

18.7.1 Tarsal Deformities

18.7.2 Idiopathic Tarsal Hyperflexion

18.7.3 Idiopathic Tarsal Hyperextension

18.7.4 Osteochondrosis Fragment Migration into the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath

18.7.5 Tarsal Region Neoplasia

18.7.6 Miscellaneous Other Conditions

18.8 References

Chapter 19

19.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses

19.2 Normal Anatomy

19.2.1 The Stifle Joint

19.2.2 Muscles of the Stifle Joint

19.3 Fractures of the Stifle Region

19.3.1 Patellar Fractures

19.3.2 Salter-Harris Fractures

19.4 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease

19.4.1 Signalment and History

19.4.2 Physical Exam

19.4.3 Diagnostics

19.5 Patellar Luxation

19.5.1 Signalment and History

19.5.2 Physical Exam

19.5.3 Diagnostics

19.6 Stifle Luxation

19.6.1 Signalment and History

19.6.2 Physical Exam

19.6.3 Diagnostics

19.7 Isolated Caudal Cruciate Ligament Rupture

19.8 Osteochondrosis Dissecans

19.9 Patellar Ligament Pathology

19.9.1 Non-traumatic Patellar (Ligament) Desmopathy

19.9.2 Patellar Ligament Laceration/Rupture

19.10 Other Diseases Affecting the Stifle Region

19.10.1 Angular Limb Deformity

19.10.2 Gastrocnemius Injury

19.10.3 Long Digital Extensor Tendon Injury

19.10.4 Stifle Region Neoplasia

19.10.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions

19.11 References

Chapter 20 Hip Region

20.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses

20.2 Normal Anatomy

20.3 Fractures of the Hip Region

20.3.1 Sacroiliac Joint Luxation and Sacral fractures

20.3.2 Fractures of the Ilium

20.3.3 Fractures of the Coxofemoral Joint

20.4 Coxofemoral Luxation

20.4.1 Signalment and History

20.4.2 Physical Exam

20.4.3 Diagnostics

20.5 Hip Dysplasia

20.5.1 Signalment and History

20.5.2 Physical Exam

20.5.3 Diagnostics

20.6 Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

20.6.1 Signalment and History

20.6.2 Physical Exam

20.6.3 Diagnostics

20.7 Muscle Contractures

20.7.1 Gracilis Contracture

20.7.2 Quadriceps Contracture

20.8 Iliopsoas Tendinopathy

20.8.1 Signalment and History

20.8.2 Physical Exam

20.8.3 Diagnostics

20.9 Other Diseases Affecting the Hip Region

20.9.1 Sacroiliac Joint

20.9.2 Septic Arthritis

20.9.3 Muscle Strains and Tears

20.9.4 Hip Region Neoplasia

20.9.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions

20.10 References

Chapter 21 Neurological Disease of the Pelvic Limb

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Relevant Anatomy

21.3 Neurological Diseases Affecting the Pelvic Limb

21.3.1 Myelopathies and Radiculopathies

21.3.2 Neuropathies (Nerves and Lumbosacral Plexus)

21.3.3 Myopathies and Junctionopathies

21.3.4 Other Neurologic and Spinal Diseases Affecting the Pelvic Limb

21.4 References

Chapter 22 Neoplastic Conditions of the Pelvic Limb

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Neoplasia of Specific Regions

22.2.1. Distal Limb Region

22.2.2 Tarsal Region

22.2.3 Stifle Region

22.2.4 Hip Region

22.2.5 Nervous System

22.3 References

Appendices

Glossary of Terms

Index