Microaggressions in Everyday Life (Paperback, 2)

Section One Psychological Manifestation and Dynamics of Microaggressions

Chapter 1 - Microaggressions as Toxic Rain:  Here, There and Everywhere!

What are Microaggressions?

Racial Microaggressions

Gender Microaggressions

Sexual Orientation Microaggressions

Misunderstanding Microaggressions

Microaggressions, Marginality, and Harmful Impact

The Way Forward:  Making the “Invisible” Visible

Chapter 2 – Taxonomy of Microaggressions

Conscious and Deliberate Bigotry vs. Unconscious and Unintentional Bias

Environmental Macroaggressions

Forms of Microaggressions

Microaggressive Themes (Insults and Invalidations)

The Way Forward:  Defining, Recognizing, and Deconstructing Hidden Messages in Microaggressions

Chapter 3 – The Psychological Dilemmas and Dynamics of Microaggressions

Clash of Racial Realities: “You Are Just Being Hypersensitive and Misreading the Situation!”

Invisibility of Unintentional Biases: “I’m Not a Racist!”

Perceived Minimal Harm of Microaggressions: “Don’t Make a Mountain Out of a Molehill!”

The Catch-22 of Responding to Microaggressions: “You’re Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don’t!”

The Way Forward:  Dealing with Psychological Dilemmas

Section Two Microaggressive Impact on Targets and Perpetrators

Chapter 4 – The Microaggression Process Model:  The Internal Struggle of Targets              

Tracing the Impact of Microaggressions

Phase One - The Potential Microaggressive Incident or Event

Phase Two – Initial Assessment and Questioning of the Incident

Phase Three – Reaction Processes

Phase Four – Interpretation and Meaning

Phase Five – Consequences and Impact

The Microaggressions Process Model: Recap

The Way Forward:  Strength through Adversity

Chapter 5 – Microaggressive Stress:  Impact on Physical and Psychological Well-Being

Biological Stressors: A Roadmap to Understanding Microaggressive Harm

Psychological and Social Stressors

Microaggressions and Daily Hassles

The Harmful Effects of Microaggressive Stress

The Way Forward:  Responding Strategically and Resisting Microaggressions

Chapter 6 – Microaggressive Perpetrators: Socialized into Systems of Dominance

Who are Microaggressive Perpetrators?

How and Why Do Individuals Perpetrate Microaggressions?

What Makes it so Difficult to See One’s Privilege?

What are the Costs of Microaggressions to Perpetrators?

The Way Forward:  The Ethical Mandate

Section Three Interrogating Microaggressions: On Research, Teaching and Counseling

Chapter 7 – Researching Microaggressions: Show Me the Evidence!

In their Own Words: Qualitative Investigation of Microaggressions

Purposive Samples

Focus Groups

Individual Interviews

Other Data Sources

Trustworthiness

Do Findings Generalize? Quantitative Investigation of Microaggressions

Measuring Microaggressions

Quantitative Research Designs

Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Studies

Laboratory Experiments

Longitudinal Studies

The Way Forward: Mapping Future Research Directions

Chapter 8 – Teaching About Microaggressions

Faculty Narratives: Facing Challenges in the Classroom

Challenges Faculty of Color Face

Challenges White Faculty Face

Encountering Microaggressions in the Classroom

Navigating Microaggressions: What Can Educators Do?

Microaggression Pedagogy: How to Teach About Microaggressions

The Way Forward: General Strategies for Facilitating Difficult Dialogues on Race

Chapter 9 – Microaggressions in Counseling and Psychotherapy

Underutilization of Mental Health Services

Premature Termination and Quality of Mental Health Care

Multicultural Counseling Competence

Manifestation of Racial Microaggressions in Counseling and Psychotherapy

Microaggressions Influence Counseling Process and Outcomes

The Way Forward: Microaggression Implications for Practice and Research

Section Four Disarming Microaggressions and Macroaggressions

Chapter 10 – Microintervention Strategies for Disarming Micro and Macroaggressions*

Microaggressions and Macroaggressions

The Need to Take Action: People of Color, White Allies, and Bystanders

Responding to Microaggressions and Macroaggressions

Microinterventions

Strategic Goal: Make the “Invisible” Visible

Strategic Goal: Disarm the Microaggression

Strategic Goal: Educate the Perpetrator

Strategic Goal: Seek External Reinforcement or Support

Microinterventions and Macroaggressions

The Way Forward