Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organizations: Rules, Checklists, Procedures (Hardcover)

· 제목 : Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organizations: Rules, Checklists, Procedures (Hardcover) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 경제경영 > 비영리 기구 > 일반
· ISBN : 9781119540953
· 쪽수 : 944쪽
· 출판일 : 2020-04-28

List of Exhibits

Preface

About the Authors

Acknowledgments

Part I: Qualifications of Tax-Exempt Organizations

Chapter 1: Distinguishing Characteristics of Tax-Exempt Organizations

1.1 Differences between Exempt and Nonexempt Organizations

1.2 Nomenclature

1.3 Ownership and Control

1.4 Role of the Internal Revenue Service

1.5 Suitability as an Exempt Organization

1.6 Start-Up Tax and Financial Considerations

1.7 Choosing the Best Form of Organization

Chapter 2: Qualifying Under IRC §501(c)(3)

2.1 Organizational Test

2.2 Operational Test

Chapter 3: Religious Organizations

3.1 Types of Religious Organizations

3.2 Churches

3.3 Religious Orders

3.4 Religious and Apostolic Associations

Chapter 4: Charitable Organizations

4.1 Relief of the Poor

4.2 Promotion of Social Welfare

4.3 Lessening the Burdens of Government

4.4 Advancement of Religion

4.5 Advancement of Education and Science

4.6 Promotion of Health

4.7 Cooperative Hospital Service Organizations

Chapter 5: Educational, Scientific, and Literary Purposes and Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals

5.1 Educational Purposes

5.2 Literary Purposes

5.3 Scientific Purposes

5.4 Testing for Public Safety

5.5 Fostering National or International Amateur Sports Competition (But Only If No Part of Its Activities Involves the Provision of Athletic Facilities or Equipment)

5.6 Prevention of Cruelty to Children or Animals

Chapter 6: Civic Leagues and Local Associations of Employees: §501(c)(4)

6.1 Comparison of (c)(3) and (c)(4) Organizations

6.2 Qualifying and Nonqualifying Civic Organizations

6.3 Local Associations of Employees

6.4 Neighborhood and Homeowner's Associations

6.5 Disclosures of Nondeductibility

Chapter 7: Labor, Agricultural, and Horticultural Organizations: §501(c)(5)

7.1 Labor Unions

7.2 Agricultural Groups

7.3 Horticultural Groups

7.4 Disclosures of Nondeductibility

Chapter 8: Business Leagues: §501(c)(6)

8.1 Basic Characteristics

8.2 Meaning of “Common Business Interest”

8.3 Line of Business

8.4 Rendering Services for Members

8.5 Sources of Revenue

8.6 Membership Categories

8.7 Member Inurement

8.8 Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade

8.9 Comparison to §501(c)(5)

8.10 Recognition of Exempt Status

8.11 Formation of a Related Charitable Organization

8.12 Disclosures for Lobbying and Nondeductibility

Chapter 9: Social Clubs: §501(C)(7)

9.1 Organizational Requirements and Characteristics

9.2 Member Inurement Prohibited

9.3 Membership Requirements

9.4 Revenue Tests

9.5 Unrelated Business Income Tax

9.6 Filing and Disclosure Requirements

Chapter 10: Instrumentalities of Government and Title-Holding Corporations

10.1 §501(c)(1) Instrumentalities of the United States

10.2 Governmental Units

10.3 Qualifying for §501(c)(3) Status

10.4 §501(c)(2) Title-Holding Corporations

10.5 §501(c)(25) Title-Holding Corporations

Chapter 11: Public Charities

11.1 Distinctions between Public and Private Charities

11.2 “Inherently Public Activity” and Broad Public Support: §509(a)(1)

11.3 Community Foundations

11.4 Service-Providing Organizations: §509(a)(2)

11.5 Difference between §509(a)(1) and §509(a)(2)

11.6 Supporting Organizations: §509(a)(3)

11.7 Testing for Public Safety: §509(a)(4)

Part II: Standards for Private Foundations

Chapter 12: Private Foundations—General Concepts

12.1 Why Private Foundations Are Special

12.2 Special Rules Pertaining to Private Foundations

12.3 Application of Taxes to Certain Nonexempt Trusts

12.4 Termination of Private Foundation Status

Appendix 12–1: Brief Description of Tax Sanctions Applicable to Private Foundations

Excise Tax on Investment Income—§4940 Tax

Chapter 13: Excise Tax Based on Investment Income: IRC §4940

13.1 Formula for Taxable Income

13.2 Capital Gains

13.3 Ponzi Scheme Losses

13.4 Deductions from Gross Investment Income

13.5 Tax-Planning Ideas

13.6 Foreign Foundations

13.7 Timely Payment of Excise Tax

13.8 Exempt Operating Foundations

Chapter 14: Self-Dealing: IRC §4941

14.1 Definition of Self-Dealing

14.2 Sale, Exchange, or Lease of Property

14.3 Loans

14.4 Compensation

14.5 Transactions That Benefit Disqualified Persons

14.6 Payments to Government Officials

14.7 Sharing Space, People, and Expenses

14.8 Indirect Deals

14.9 Property Held by Fiduciaries

14.10 Issues Once Self-Dealing Occurs

Chapter 15: Minimum Distribution Requirements: IRC §4942

15.1 Assets Used to Calculate Minimum Investment Return

15.2 Measuring Fair Market Value

15.3 Distributable Amount

15.4 Qualifying Distributions

15.5 Private Operating Foundations

15.6 Satisfying the Distribution Test

Chapter 16: Excess Business Holdings and Jeopardizing Investments: IRC §§4943 and 4944

16.1 Excess Business Holdings

16.2 Jeopardizing Investments

16.3 Program-Related Investments

16.4 Penalty Taxes

Chapter 17: Taxable Expenditures: IRC §4945

17.1 Lobbying

17.2 Voter Registration Drives

17.3 Grants to Individuals

17.4 Grants to Public Charities

17.5 Grants to Foreign Organizations

17.6 Expenditure Responsibility Grants

17.7 Noncharitable Expenditures

17.8 Excise Taxes Payable

Appendix 17–1: Examples of Emergency, Hardship Grant Application, Church and Foreign Equivalency Grants

Part III: Obtaining and Maintaining Tax-Exempt Status

Chapter 18: IRS Filings, Procedures, and Policies

18.1 IRS Determination Process

18.2 Annual Filing of Forms 990

18.3 Reporting Organizational Changes to the IRS

18.4 Weathering an IRS Examination

18.5 When an Organization Loses Its Tax-Exempt Status

Chapter 19: Maintaining Exempt Status

19.1 Checklists

Chapter 20: Private Inurement and Intermediate Sanctions

20.1 Defining Inurement

20.2 Salaries and Other Compensation

20.3 Finding Salary Statistics

20.4 Housing and Meals

20.5 Purchase, Lease, or Sale of Property or Services

20.6 Loans and Guarantees

20.7 For-Profit to Nonprofit and Vice Versa

20.8 Services Rendered for Individuals

20.9 Joint Ventures

20.10 Intermediate Sanctions

Chapter 21: Unrelated Business Income

21.1 IRS Scrutiny of Unrelated Business Income

21.2 History of the Unrelated Business Income Tax

21.3 Consequences of Receiving UBI

21.4 Definition of Trade or Business

21.5 What Is Unrelated Business Income?

21.6 “Regularly Carried On”

21.7 “Substantially Related”

21.8 Unrelated Activities

21.9 The Exceptions

21.10 Income Modifications

21.11 Calculating and Minimizing Taxable Income

21.12 Debt-Financed Property

21.13 Museums

21.14 Travel Tours

21.15 Publishing

Chapter 22: Relationships with Other Organizations and Businesses

22.1 Creation of (c)(3) by (c)(4), (5), or (6)

22.2 Alliances with Investors

22.3 Creation of a For-Profit Corporate Subsidiary

22.4 Active Business Relationships

Chapter 23: Electioneering and Lobbying

23.1 Election Campaign Involvement

23.2 Voter Education versus Candidate Promotion

23.3 Tax on Political Expenditures

23.4 Lobbying Activity of §501(c)(3) Organizations

23.5 Permissible Amounts of Lobbying

23.6 Lobbying Limits for §501(c)(4), (5), (6), and Other Exempt Organizations

23.7 Advocacy and Nonpartisan Analysis

Chapter 24: Deductibility and Disclosures

24.1 Overview of Deductibility

24.2 The Substantiation and Quid Pro Quo Rules

24.3 Valuing Donor Benefits

24.4 Unrelated Business Income Aspects of Fund-Raising

24.5 State and Local Regulations

Appendix 24–1

Chapter 25: Employment Taxes

25.1 Distinctions Between Employees and Independent Contractors

25.2 Ministers

25.3 Reporting Requirements

Chapter 26: Mergers, Bankruptcies, and Terminations

26.1 Mergers and Other Combinations

26.2 Bankruptcy

26.3 Terminations

Table of Cases

Table of IRS Revenue Rulings

Table of IRS Procedures

Index