[eBook Code] Textbook for Orthodontic Therapists (eBook Code, 1st)

Foreword xxv

Acknowledgements xxix

1 History of Orthodontics 1

2 Patient Assessment 11

3 Classification of Malocclusion 19

4 Aetiology of Malocclusion 25

5 Class I Malocclusion 31

6 Class II Div I Malocclusion 35

7 Class II Div II Malocclusion 41

8 Class III Malocclusion 47

9 Prevalences 53

10 Hypodontia 55

11 Supernumeraries 63

12 Impacted Canines 69

13 Impacted Teeth 77

14 Deepbites 81

15 Openbites: Anterior and Posterior 87

16 Crossbites 93

17 Centreline 101

18 Overjets 103

19 Bimaxillary Proclination 107

20 Growth Rotations 109

21 Tooth Movement 111

22 Impressions 123

23 Study Models 127

24 Radiographs 129

25 Cephalometrics 137

26 Removable Appliances 149

27 Functional Appliances 165

28 Fixed Appliances 179

29 Headgear 207

30 Instructions for all Appliances 215

31 Uncommon Removable Appliances 219

32 Anchorage 221

33 Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) 229

34 Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) 233

35 Space Analysis 239

36 Cleft Lip and Palate 245

37 Orthognathic Surgery 251

38 Retention and Stability 259

39 Interceptive Treatment 271

40 Adult Orthodontics 283

41 Orthodontic Materials 287

42 Archwire Ligation 293

43 Risks and Benefits of Orthodontic Treatment 295

44 Oral Hygiene 299

45 Decalcification 305

46 Fluorosis 307

47 Fluoride 309

48 Hypoplastic Enamel 311

49 Hyperplastic Enamel 313

50 General Dental Council (GDC) 315

51 Sharps Injury 325

52 Health and Safety 327

53 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) 329

54 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR) 331

55 Consent 333

56 Pain and Anxiety Control 337

57 Emergency Care 341

58 Orthodontic Instruments 347

59 Medical Emergencies 363

60 Eruption Dates 371

61 Extraction Patterns 373

62 Tooth Fusion and Gemination 375

63 Extra Notes 377

64 Definitions 381

Index 385