Animal Cruelty Investigations : A Collaborative Approach from Victim to Verdict (Paperback)

· 제목 : Animal Cruelty Investigations : A Collaborative Approach from Victim to Verdict (Paperback) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 의학 > 수의학
· ISBN : 9781119764885
· 쪽수 : 464쪽
· 출판일 : 2022-04-07

List of Contributors xi

Preface xii

Acknowledgments xiii

About the Companion Website xv

1 Introduction 1
Emily Lewis

1.1 Making the Most of This Resource 1

1.2 Why Definitions Are Important 2

1.3 Terms and Phrases: Animal Cruelty Cases 2

1.4 Terms and Phrases: Veterinary Medicine 3

1.5 Terms and Phrases: Law Enforcement and Field Services 5

1.6 Terms and Phrases: Criminal Law 7

1.7 Looking Ahead 12

References 12

2 Animal Basics 14
Kris Otteman, Zarah Hedge, and Linda Fielder

2.1 The History of the Five Freedoms and Their Impact on Animal Welfare Laws 15

2.2 Veterinarians as Experts in the Field 15

2.3 With So Many Species, Where to Begin? 16

2.4 Defining Animals by Category 16

2.5 Animal Basics by Species 16

2.6 Basics That Apply to All Animals 23

2.7 Putting Your Basic Knowledge to Work 24

References 24

3 Fundamentals of All Cases 25
Linda Fielder

3.1 Interdisciplinary Roles 25

3.2 Environment 26

3.3 Sanitation 27

3.4 Food and Water 28

3.5 Nutrition 30

3.6 Documentation 31

3.7 Body Condition 32

3.8 Documenting Body Condition 33

3.9 Dental, Foot, and Hoof Care 33

3.10 Veterinary Care, Medications, and Treatment 35

3.11 Nonaccidental Injury and Trauma 36

3.12 The Link Between Animal Cruelty and Crimes Against Humans 37

3.13 Emergency Issues 37

References 37

4 Initial Investigation and Assessment 38
Linda Fielder

4.1 Types of Reports 38

4.2 Anonymous Reports 39

4.3 Required Information 39

4.4 Response Triage 40

4.5 Legitimate or Not? How to Decide 40

4.6 Responding to Calls: Initial Site Visit 40

5 Witness and Subject Interviewing 45
Linda Fielder

5.1 Preparation for the Interview 45

5.2 Interview Location and Setting 46

5.3 Miranda and Consent 46

5.4 Building Rapport 47

5.5 Ask Clear and Direct Open-Ended Questions 48

5.6 Suspect Interviews 49

5.7 Reading Body Language and Detecting Deception 50

5.8 Confessions 50

5.9 Ending the Interview 51

5.10 Documenting the Interview 51

5.11 Additional Resources and Training 51

References 51

6 The Veterinarian’s Role in Animal Cruelty Investigations 53
Kris Otteman

6.1 The Veterinarian is an Important Partner in Animal Cruelty Investigations 53

6.2 The Veterinarian’s Oath 55

6.3 How Veterinary Forensics Differs from Traditional Veterinary Medicine 55

6.4 Veterinary Confidentiality and Medical Records Requests 56

6.5 Public Information Considerations 57

6.6 Conflicts of Interest 58

6.7 Be Familiar with the Laws 59

6.8 How to Find and Build Knowledge in the Area of Animal Law 59

6.9 Understand What the Prosecutor and Law Enforcement Need to Know 60

6.10 How Animal Cruelty Investigations Surface and Become Active Cases 61

References 62

7 The Veterinary Exam and Treatment Plan 63
Kris Otteman and Zarah Hedge

7.1 Request and Review Evidentiary Material 64

7.2 Initial Steps 65

7.3 Examination Key Elements 71

7.4 Ongoing Responsibilities of the Veterinarian 83

References 86

8 Setting Expectations and Monitoring Compliance 87
Linda Fielder

8.1 Education and Guidance vs. Citation 87

8.2 Passive Neglect and Lack of Resources 88

8.3 Education 89

8.4 Setting Expectations 90

8.5 What You Can and Cannot Require 91

8.6 Conducting Rechecks 92

8.7 What If Nothing Improves or Conditions Worsen? 92

8.8 What About Animal Hoarders? 93

References 94

9 Search Warrants and Seizures 95
Emily Lewis

9.1 Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement in Animal Cruelty Cases 95

9.2 Prewarrant Considerations 98

9.3 Drafting of the Affidavit and Search Warrant 103

9.4 Before You Serve the Warrant 110

9.5 Preservice Briefing 114

9.6 Serving the Warrant 115

9.7 Start Documenting the Scene 117

9.8 System for Evidence Documentation and Processing 118

9.9 Processing the Animals 121

9.10 Forms 123

9.11 Discovering Evidence of Other Crimes 127

9.12 The First 24 Hours After the Search Warrant Execution 127

References 128

10 Evidence Collection 130
Emily Lewis

10.1 What is Evidence? 130

10.2 How Evidence in Animal Cruelty Cases Differs from Traditional Property Crimes 130

10.3 How to Package the Evidence 136

10.4 What to Do with Evidence Until Trial 152

10.5 Evidence at Trial 154

10.6 Evidence After Trial 155

References 157

11 Veterinary Forensic Necropsy 158
Kris Otteman and Zarah Hedge

11.1 How a Forensic Necropsy is Different 158

11.2 The Importance of the Forensic Necropsy 158

11.3 Necropsy at the Owner’s Request 159

11.4 Packaging and Storing Remains Prior to Necropsy 159

11.5 Forensic Necropsy Equipment and Protocols 160

11.6 Case History 160

11.7 Preparing to Perform the Necropsy 160

11.8 The Necropsy Report 175

11.9 Next Steps 179

11.10 An Important Reminder 179

References 179

12 Report Writing 180
Emily Lewis

12.1 Introduction 180

12.2 General Principles 180

12.3 Crime Report 183

12.4 Veterinarian Reports 184

12.5 Witness Statements 189

12.6 The Case Packet 192

12.7 Conclusion 195

13 Protective Custody (Live Animals) 196
Linda Fielder

13.1 The Challenge of Live Animal Evidence 196

13.2 The First 24 Hours 197

13.3 Know Your Agency’s Capacity 198

13.4 Facility Set-Up and Security 199

13.5 Training Staff and Confidentiality 200

13.6 Paperwork and Record Keeping 201

13.7 Providing Security Without Isolation 202

13.8 Foster Care and Offsite Boarding 203

13.9 Routine and Emergency Veterinary Care 204

13.10 Death in Care and Euthanasia Considerations 204

13.11 Offspring Born in Care 205

13.12 Conclusion 206

References 206

14 Media and Fundraising 207
Emily Lewis

14.1 Media Coverage 207

14.2 Handling Negative Press 214

14.3 Internal Communications Policy 215

14.4 Fundraising 215

References 220

15 Forfeiture, Surrender, and Related Legal Remedies 221
David Rosengard

15.1 Seized Animals and Reasonable Minimum Care 222

15.2 The Impact of Seizure Expenses ? and Responsive Solutions 223

15.3 Voluntary Relinquishment 223

15.4 The Seized Animal as Contraband 224

15.5 Preconviction Forfeiture 226

15.6 Preconviction Forfeiture: Bond-or-Forfeit Statutes 227

15.7 Bond-or-Forfeit Statute Examples 228

15.8 Bond-or-Forfeit statutes Are Constitutionally Compliant 229

15.9 Restitution 230

15.10 Forfeiture via Sentencing 231

15.11 Cost-of-Care Liens 231

15.12 Conclusion 231

References 232

16 Trial 233
Jake Kamins

16.1 Trials: An Overview 233

16.2 The Players 234

16.3 How a Typical Criminal Case Gets to Trial 238

16.4 Pretrial Matters 241

16.5 The Trial 242

16.6 Topics for Prosecutors 246

16.7 Conclusion 249

Introduction to the Appendix 250

Appendix A: Specific Case Protocols 251

Appendix B: Forms and Checklists 329

Appendix C: Templates and Agreements 391

Appendix D: Resources 425

Index 441