Biochemistry : An Integrative Approach (Paperback, 1st Edition, International Adaptation)

1 The Chemical Foundations of BiochemistryChemistry in Context1.1 General Chemical Principles1.2 Fundamental Concepts of Organic Chemistry1.3 The Chemistry of Water2 Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids in ContextNucleic acids are the Genetic Materials2.1 Nucleic Acids Have Distinct Structures2.2 Nucleic Acids Have Many Cellular Functions2.3 The Manipulation of Nucleic Acids Has Transformed Biochemistry3 Proteins I: An Introduction to Protein Structure, Function, and its PurificationProteins in Context3.1 Amino Acid Chemistry3.2 Proteins Are Polymers of Amino Acids3.3 Proteins Are Molecules of Defined Shape and Structure3.4 Examples of Protein Structures and Functions3.5 Protein Purification Basics3.6 Size-Exclusion Chromatography3.7 Affinity Chromatography4 Proteins II: EnzymesEnzymes in Context4.1 Introduction to Enzymes4.2 Enzymes Increase Reaction Rate4.3 The Mechanism of an Enzyme Can Be Deduced from Structural, Kinetic, and Spectral Data4.4 Examples of Enzyme Regulation4.5 Allosterism and Cooperativity4.6 Hemoglobin4.7 Receptor-Ligand Interactions5 Membranes and an Introduction to Signal TransductionBiochemistry in Context5.1 Membrane Structure and Function5.2 Signal Transduction6 Carbohydrates I: Mono- and Disaccharides, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Fates of PyruvateCarbohydrates in Context6.1 Properties, Nomenclature, and Biological Functions of Monosaccharides6.2 Properties, Nomenclature, and Biological Functions of Complex Carbohydrates6.3 Glycolysis and an Introduction to Metabolic Pathways6.4 Gluconeogenesis6.5 The Fates of Pyruvate7 The Common Catabolic Pathway: Citric Acid Cycle, the Electron Transport Chain, and ATP BiosynthesisElectron Transport in Context7.1 The Citric Acid Cycle7.2 The Electron Transport Chain7.3 ATP Biosynthesis8 Carbohydrates II: Glycogen Metabolism, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Glycoconjugates, and Extracellular MatricesPolysaccharides in Context8.1 Glycogen Metabolism8.2 The Pentose Phosphate Pathway8.3 Carbohydrates in Glycoconjugates8.4 Extracellular Matrices and Biofilms9 Lipids I: Fatty Acids, Steroids, and Eicosanoids; Beta-Oxidation and Fatty Acid BiosynthesisLipids in Context9.1 Properties, Nomenclature, and Biological Functions of Lipid Molecules9.2 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis9.3 Fatty Acid Catabolism9.4 Ketone Body Metabolism9.5 Steroid Metabolism9.6 Eicosanoid and Endocannabinoid Metabolism10 Lipids II: Metabolism and Transport of Complex LipidsComplex Lipids in Context10.1 Phospholipid Metabolism10.2 Digestion of Triacylglycerols10.3 Transport of Lipids in the Circulation10.4 Entry of Lipids into the Cell10.5 Neutral Lipid Biosynthesis10.6 Lipid Storage Droplets, Fat Storage, and Mobilization10.7 Lipid Rafts as a Biochemical Entity11 Amino Acid and Amine MetabolismAmine Metabolism in Context11.1 Digestion of Proteins11.2 Amino Acid Deamination and Transamination11.3 The Urea Cycle11.4 Metabolism of Amino Acid Carbon Skeleton11.5 The Detoxification of Other Amines and Xenobiotics11.6 The Biochemistry of Renal Function12 Regulation and Integration of MetabolismMetabolism in Context12.1 A Review of the Pathways and Crossroads of Metabolism12.2 Organ Specialization and Metabolic States12.3 Communication between Organs12.4 Metabolic Disease13 Nucleotide and Deoxynucleotide MetabolismNucleotides and Deoxynucleotides in Context13.1 Purine Biosynthesis13.2 Pyrimidine Biosynthesis13.3 Deoxyribonucleotide Biosynthesis13.4 Catabolism of Nucleotides14 DNA Replication, Damage, and RepairDNA in Context14.1 Challenges of DNA Replication14.2 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes14.3 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes14.4 DNA Damage and Repair14.5 Homologous Recombination15 RNA Synthesis and ProcessingRNA Synthesis in Context15.1 Transcription: RNA Synthesis15.2 Processing of Nascent Eukaryotic RNA Messages15.3 RNA Export from the Nucleus16 Protein BiosynthesisProtein Synthesis in Context16.1 The Genetic Code16.2 Machinery Involved in in Protein Biosynthesis16.3 Mechanism of Protein Biosynthesis17 Control and Regulation of Gene ExpressionGene Regulation in Context17.1 DNA--Protein Interactions17.2 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes17.3 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes18 Determination of Macromolecular StructureMacromolecular Structure in Context18.1 An Introduction to Structure Determination18.2 Electron Microscopy--Types and Advantages18.3 X-Ray Diffraction and Neutron Scattering18.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance19 Protein Production, Engineering and FoldingProtein Production, Engineering and Folding in Context19.1 Protein Production19.2 Protein Engineering19.3 Protein Folding20 Bioinformatics and OmicsBioinformatics in Context20.1 Introduction to Bioinformatics20.2 Generating Bioinformatic Data20.3 Analyzing Bioinformatic Data21 Signal TransductionCell Signaling in Context23.1 A Review of Signal Transduction23.2 An Overview of Regulation of Signal Transduction23.3 Six New Signal Transduction Pathways22 Protein TraffickingProtein Trafficking in Context24.1 Molecular Aspects of Protein Trafficking24.2 Molecular Motor Proteins24.3 Vesicular Fusion23 Photosynthesis and Nitrogen FixationPhotosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation in Context25.1 Photosynthesis25.2 Nitrogen FixationTechniquesSolutionsGlossaryIndex