EMI Filter Design (Paperback, 3 ed)

EMI Filters
Introduction
Technical Challenges
Types of EMI Filters
No Such Thing as Black Magic
It Is All in the Mathematics

Why Call EMI Filters Black Magic?
What Is EMI?
Regular Filters versus EMI Filters
Specifications: Real or Imagined
The Inductive Input for the 220-A Test Method
The 400-Hz Filter Compared with the 50- or 60-Hz Filter

Common Mode and Differential Mode: Definition, Cause, and Elimination
Definition of Common and Differential Modes
The Origin of Common-Mode Noise
Generation of Common-Mode Noise?Load
Elimination of Common-Mode Noise?Line and Load
Generation of Differential-Mode Noise?
Three-Phase Virtual Ground

EMI Filter Source Impedance of Various Power Lines
Skin Effect
Applying Transmission Line Concepts and Impedances
Applying Transmission Line Impedances to Differential and Common Mode
Differences among Power Line Measurements
Simple Methods of Measuring AC and DC Power Lines
Other Source Impedances

The Various AC Load Impedances
The Resistive Load
Off-Line Regulator with Capacitive Load
Off-Line Regulator with an Inductor ahead of the Storage Capacitor
The Power Factor Correction Circuit
Transformer Load
The UPS Load

DC Circuit?Load and Source
Various Source Impedance
Switcher Load
DC Circuit for EMI Solutions or Recommendations
Some Ideas for the Initial Power Supply
Other Parts of the System
Lossy Components
Radiated Emissions

Typical EMI Filters?Pros and Cons
The π Filter
The T Filter
The L Filter
The Typical Commercial Filter
The Cauer Filter
The RC Shunt
The Conventional Filters

Filter Components?the Capacitor
Capacitor Specifications
Capacitor Construction and Self-Resonant Frequency
Veeing the Capacitor
Margins, Creepage, and Corona?Split Foil for High Voltage
Capacitor Design?Wrap-and-Fill Type

Filter Components?the Inductor
Inductor Styles and Specifications
Core Types
High-Current Inductors
Inductor Design
Converting from Unbalanced to Balanced

Common-Mode Components
The Capacitor to Ground
Virtual Ground
Z for Zorro
Common-Mode Inductor
Common-Mode Calculation
Differential Inductance from a Common-Mode Inductor
Common-Mode Currents?Do They All Balance?

The Transformer’s Addition to the EMI Filter
Transformer Advantages
Isolation
Leakage Current
Common Mode
Voltage Translation?Step Up or Down
The Transformer as a Key Component of the EMI Package
Skin Effect
Review

Electromagnetic Pulse and Voltage Transients
Unidirectional versus Bidirectional
The Three Theories
Initial High-Voltage Inductor
The Arrester Location
How to Calculate the Arrester
The Gas Tube

What Will Compromise the Filter?
Specifications?Testing
Power Supplies?Either as Source or Load
9- and 15-Phase Autotransformers
Neutral Wire Not Part of the Common-Mode Inductor
Two or More Filters in Cascade?the Unknown Capacitor
Poor Filter Grounding
The "Floating" Filter
The Unknown Capacitor in the Following Equipment
Filter Input and Output Too Close Together
Gaskets

Waves as Noise Sources
The Spike
The Pulse
The Power Spectrum?dB μA/MHz
MIL-STD-461 Curve

Initial Filter Design Requirements
Differential-Mode Design Goals
The Differential-Mode Filter Input Impedance
The Differential-Mode Filter Output Impedance
The Input and Output Impedance for a DC Filter
Common-Mode Design Goals
Estimation of the Common-Mode Source Impedance
Methods of Reducing the Inductor Value due to High Current

Matrices, Transfer Functions, and Insertion Loss
Synthesis, Modeling, and Analysis
Review of the A Matrix
Transfer Functions
Review of Matrix Topologies
The π Filter
The L Matrix
The T Filter
The Cauer or Elliptic Matrix
The RC Shunt
Filter Applications and Thoughts
Single-Phase AC Filter
Three-Phase Filters
Low-Current Wye
High-Current Wye
The Single Insert
The Low-Current Delta
High-Current Delta
Telephone and Data Filters
Pulse Requirements?How to Pass the Pulse
The DC-DC Filter
Low-Current Filters

Matrix Applications: A Continuation of Chapter 16
The Impedance of the Source and Load
dB Loss Calculations of a Single π Filter
Example of the Calculations for a Single π Filter
Double π Filter: Equations and dB Loss
Triple π Filter: Equations and dB Loss

Network Analysis of Passive LC Structures
Lossless Networks
Network Impedances Using Z Parameters
Network Admittances Using Y Parameters
Transfer Function Analysis?H(jω)
Transfer Function Analysis?H(s)
Coefficient-Matching Technique
EMI Filter Stability

Filter Design Techniques and Design Examples
Filter Design Requirements
Design Techniques
Filter Design Summary
EMI Filter Design Example
Four-Pole LC Structure

Packaging Information
The Layout
Estimated Volume
Volume-to-Weight Ratio
Potting Compounds

Appendix A: K Values of Different Topologies
Appendix B: LC Passive Filter Design
Appendix C: Conversion Factors

Index