The Future of Correctional Rehabilitation : Moving Beyond the Rnr Model and Good Lives Model Debate (Hardcover)

CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES FOREWORD:　 Francis T. Cullen ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PART I. BEYOND NOTHING WORKS CHAPTER 1: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE REHABILITATIVE IDEAL The Discovery of the Rehabilitative Ideal The Dominance of the Rehabilitative Ideal The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal Conservative and Liberal Attacks Martinson and the Nothing Works Doctrine Conclusion CHAPTER 2: REAFFIRMING REHABILITATION Narrative Reviews Palmer’s Reanalysis Gendreau and Ross’s Two Reviews Meta-Analyses Overall Effect Size Heterogeneity in Effect Size Two Approaches to Knowing What Works Lipsey’s Inductive Approach The Canadians’ Theoretical Approach Drawing Conclusions on What Works Conclusion 　 　 　 　 PART II. THE RISK-NEED-RESPONSIVITY MODEL CHAPTER 3: THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF THE RNR MODEL The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC) Understanding Human Behavior: The GPCSL Perspective Bringing in Criminology to the GPCSL Perspective Differential Association Theory Psychodynamic Theory Social Bond Theory General Strain Theory (GST) The PIC-R Perspective: Criminality in the Immediate Situation Basic Operations of Behavior The Directions and Magnitude of Effects on Behavior Other General Issues Suggested by the PIC-R PIC-R and Offender Assessment PIC-R and Crime Prevention Introduction to the Risk-Need-Responsivity Principles Beyond Mainstream Criminology Searching for Factors That Matter in Offender Rehabilitation1 Preservice Characteristics of Offenders Characteristics of Correctional Workers Practice Factors Program Factors Setting Factors Intermediate Outcomes Conclusion CHAPTER 4: THE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT: THEORY AND TECHNOLOGY The RNR Model of Correctional Assessment and Treatment Principle 1: Respect for the Person and the Normative Context Principle 2: Psychological Theory Principle 3: General Enhancement of Crime Prevention Services Principle 4: Introduce Human Service Principle 5: Risk Principle 6: Need Principle 7: General Responsivity Principle 8: Specific Responsivity Principle 9: Breadth (or Multimodal) Principle 10: Strength Principle 11: Structured Assessment Principle 12: Professional Discretion Principle 13: Community-Based Principle 14: Core Correctional Staff Practice Principle 15: Management RNR-Based Technology of Treatment RNR-Based Assessment Tools to Predict Criminal Behavior and Classify Offenders The Importance of Assessment The Level of Service-Revised (LSI-R) RNR-Based Assessment Tools to Predict the Quality of Correctional Programs The Development of Assessment Tools The Ideal Capacity of Correctional Programs The Ideal Content of Correctional Program Conclusion PART III. THE GOOD LIVES MODEL CHAPTER 5: THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF THE GOOD LIVES MODEL Beyond Deficits: Building on the Positive Humanistic Psychology Positive Psychology Strength-Based Approach The General Assumptions of the Good Lives Model Assumption 1: As human beings, "offenders share the same inclinations and basic needs as other people and are naturally predisposed to seek certain goals, or primary human goods" Assumption 2: "rehabilitation is a value-laden process and involves a variety of different types of value." Assumption 3: correctional interventions that address both goods promotion and risk reduction will produce better outcomes than intervention that neglect either of these aims Assumption 4: the process of rehabilitation requires a construction of adaptive narrative (or personal) identity Assumption 5: "Human beings are multifaceted beings comprised of a variety of interconnected biological, social, cultural and psychological systems, and are interdependent to a significant degree" Assumption 6: Risk is a multifaceted and contextualized concept Assumption 7: "A treatment plan should be explicitly constructed in a form…[that] take into account individuals’ strengths, primary goods and relevant environments, and specify exactly what competencies and resources are required to achieve these goods" Assumption 8: Rehabilitative efforts that secure the offenders’ human dignity are protected and promoted by offenders’ human rights The Etiological Assumptions of the Good Lives Model Etiological Assumption 1: "individuals seek a number of primary goods in their offending" Etiological Assumption 2: criminogenic needs are "internal or external obstacles that frustrate and block the acquisition of primary human goods" Etiological Assumption 3: "there are different routes to offending, direct and indirect" Conclusion CHAPTER 6: BUILDING GOOD LIVES THROUGH CORRECTIONAL INTERVENTION Domain 1: Program Aims and Orientation Principle 1: "The aims of the treatment program include both risk reduction and well-being enhancement" Domain 2: Offender Assessment Principle 2: Treatment programs should assess the offender’s level of risk, therapeutic needs (i.e., treatment targets), and responsivity factors Principle 3: GLM-informed assessment should identify offender’s heavily weighted primary goods Principle 4: Correctional interventions should assess the full aspects of primary Goods Domain 3: Intervention Planning Principle 5: Correctional interventions should construct individualized intervention plans Domain 4: Intervention Content Principle 6: All program components/modules/assignments should "attend to goods promotion alongside risk reduction." The end product of the therapeutic process should be a future-oriented Good Lives Plan Principle 7: Program content should "attend to the full range of primary goods" Principle 8: Programs should promote offenders’ "social capital through attending to [their] social ecology" Domain 5: Program Delivery Principle 9: Therapists should "approach clients in a manner that acknowledges their status as fellow human beings, of equal intrinsic value" Principle 10: Therapists should deliver programs with a "collaborative and transparent approach to assessment, intervention planning, and intervention content" Principle 11: The "intensity, content, and process of intervention [should be] individually tailored" The Empirical Status of the GLM Evaluations Without Any Comparison Group Evaluations With a Comparison Group Conclusion PART IV. THE FUTURE OF REHABILITATION CHAPTER 7: THE RNR-GLM DABATE The Chronicle of the RNR-GLM Debate The Incremental Value of the GLM’s Theoretical Framework Controversial Issue 1: The Role of Offender Motivation in Rehabilitation Controversial Issue 2: The Role of Values in Offender Rehabilitation Controversial Issue 3: The Role of Needs in Offender Rehabilitation Controversial Issue 4: The Role of Risk in Offender Rehabilitation Controversial Issue 5: The Role of Contextual Factors in Offender Rehabilitation Controversial Issue 6: The Role of Personality in Offender Rehabilitation Controversial Issue 7: The Role of Human Agency in Offender Rehabilitation The Correctional Framework of the RNR-GLM Debate The Psychological Theories within the RNR-GLM Debate Domain 1: The RNR-GLM Debate and the RNR’s Core Principles The Provision of Human Service within the RNR-GLM Debate The Adherence to the Risk Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate The Adherence to the Need Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate The Adherence to the General Responsivity Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate The Specific Responsivity Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate Domain 2: The RNR-GLM Debate and the RNR’s Key Clinical Issue The Breadth Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate The Strength Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate The Structured Assessment Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate The Professional Discretion Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate Domain 3: The RNR-GLM Debate and the RNR’s Organizational Principles The Community-Based Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate The Core Correctional Staff Practice within the RNR-GLM Debate The Management Principle within the RNR-GLM Debate Conclusion CHAPTER 8: BEYOND THE RNR-GLM DEBATE: TWO FUTURES FOR OFFENDER REHABILITATION The First Future: Independent Models When the Theoretical Frameworks of the RNR Model and GLM Hold Opposed View of Offender Rehabilitation When the Correctional Frameworks of the RNR Model and GLM Hold Opposed View of Offender Rehabilitation The Second Future: The RNRM Integrated Model Overarching Principles Principle 1: Respect for the Person and the Normative Context Principle 2: The Major Goal of Correctional Rehabilitation Is to Improve Offenders first by Reducing Their Recidivism and, second, by Enhancing Their Well-Being Principle 3: Psychological Perspective and Theories Principle 4: General Enhancement of Crime Prevention Services Core RNRM Principles and Key Clinical Issues Principle 5: Introduce Human Service Principle 6: Risk Principle 7: Need Principle 8: General Responsivity Principle 9: Specific Responsivity Principle 10: Breadth (or Multimodal) Principle 11: Offenders’ Personal Strengths Principle 12: Structured Assessment Principle 13: Release Process and Continuity of Care Principle 14: Professional Discretion Organizational Principles: Settings, Staffing, and Management Principle 15: Community-Based Principle 16: Core Correctional Staff Practices Principle 17: Management Conclusion REFERENCES SUBJECT INDEX NAME INDEX