A Textbook of Neuroanatomy (Paperback, 3 ed)

· 제목 : A Textbook of Neuroanatomy (Paperback, 3 ed) 
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 의학 > 신경과학
· ISBN : 9781394237067
· 쪽수 : 576쪽
· 출판일 : 2025-06-24

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

About the Companion Website xv

Part I General Principles of the Nervous System 1

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Nervous System 3

Cells of the Central Nervous System 5

Central Nervous System 6

Peripheral Nervous System 9

Questions to Ponder 10

Chapter 2 Development of the Nervous System 11

Clinical Case 11

Early Development 12

Neurulation 14

Early Development of the Spinal Cord and Brain 19

Development of the Spinal Cord 21

Development of the Brain 23

Clinical Considerations 30

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Nervous System 31

Follow- up to Clinical Case 31

Questions to Ponder 31

Chapter 3 Histophysiology of the Nervous System 32

Clinical Case 32

Neurons 33

Neuroglia 40

Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulses 44

Clinical Considerations 47

Synonyms and Eponyms of Nervous System Histophysiology 48

Follow- up to Clinical Case 48

Questions to Ponder 48

Chapter 4 Neurotransmitter Substances 49

Clinical Case 49

Classification of Neurotransmitter Substances 52

Clinical Considerations 58

Follow- up to Clinical Case 59

Questions to Ponder 59

Chapter 5 Spinal Cord 60

Clinical Case 60

Morphology of the Spinal Cord 61

Internal Morphology of the Spinal Cord 67

Vascular Supply of the Spinal Cord 70

Clinical Considerations 73

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Spinal Cord 74

Follow- up to Clinical Case 74

Questions to Ponder 74

Chapter 6 Gross Anatomy of the Brain 75

Clinical Case 75

Cerebrum 76

Diencephalon 84

Cerebellum 85

Brainstem 87

Clinical Considerations 88

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Brain 90

Follow- up to Clinical Case 90

Questions to Ponder 90

Chapter 7 Brainstem 91

Clinical Case 91

Internal Organization of the Brainstem 91

Medulla Oblongata 96

Pons 102

Midbrain 107

Clinical Considerations 111

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Brainstem 116

Follow- up to Clinical Case 116

Questions to Ponder 116

Chapter 8 Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid 117

Clinical Case 117

Cranial Meninges 118

Spinal Meninges 126

Venous Sinuses of the Cranial Dura Mater 127

Cerebrospinal Fluid 130

Ventricles of the Brain 130

Clinical Considerations 131

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Cranial Meninges 132

Follow- up to Clinical Case 132

Questions to Ponder 132

Chapter 9 Vascular Supply of the Central Nervous System 133

Clinical Case 133

Vascular Supply of the Spinal Cord 134

Arterial Supply of the Brain 135

Venous Drainage of the Brain 149

Clinical Considerations 152

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Vascular Supply of the Central Nervous System 153

Follow- up to Clinical Case 153

Questions to Ponder 153

Chapter 10 Autonomic Nervous System 154

Clinical Case 154

Sympathetic Nervous System 157

Parasympathetic Nervous System 164

Enteric Nervous System 167

Neurotransmitters and Receptors of the Autonomic Nervous System 168

Pelvic Autonomic Functions 169

Clinical Considerations 171

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Autonomic Nervous System 172

Follow- up to Clinical Case 172

Questions to Ponder 172

Chapter 11 Spinal Reflexes 173

Clinical Case 173

Components of Reflexes 173

Lower Motor Neurons 174

Skeletal Muscle Innervation 175

Skeletal Muscle Receptors 176

Muscle Stretch Reflex 176

Reciprocal Inhibition 177

Autogenic Inhibition (Inverse Myotatic Reflex) 178

Flexor Reflex (Withdrawal Reflex, Nociceptive Reflex) 178

Crossed Extension Reflex 179

Maintenance of Muscle tone Via the Gamma Loop 180

Alpha?Gamma Coactivation 180

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Spinal Reflexes 182

Follow- up to Clinical Case 182

Questions to Ponder 182

Part II Integrative Components of the Nervous System 183

Chapter 12 Ascending Sensory Pathways 185

Clinical Case 185

Sensory Receptors 187

Anterolateral System 197

Tactile Sensation and Proprioception 207

Sensory Pathways to the Cerebellum 214

Clinical Considerations 218

Modulation of Nociception 226

Neuroplasticity 229

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Ascending Sensory Pathways 229

Follow- up to Clinical Case 230

Questions to Ponder 230

Chapter 13 Motor Cortex and Descending Motor Pathways 231

Clinical Case 231

Cortical Areas Controlling Motor Activity 232

Descending Motor Pathways 235

Clinical Considerations 249

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Motor Cortex and Descending Motor Pathways 253

Follow-up to Clinical Case 254

Questions to Ponder 254

Chapter 14 Basal Nuclei 255

Clinical Case 255

Components of the Basal Nuclei 256

Nuclei Associated with the Basal Nuclei 260

Input, Intrinsic, and Output Nuclei of the Basal Nuclei 261

Connections of the Basal Nuclei 263

Circuits Connecting the Basal Nuclei, Thalamus, and Cerebral Cortex 270

Other Circuits of the Basal Nuclei 273

Neurotransmitters of the Basal Nuclei 274

“Direct,” “Indirect,” and “Hyperdirect” Loops (Pathways) of the Basal Nuclei 275

Circuits that Modulate Activity of the Basal Nuclei 277

Clinical Considerations 278

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Basal Nuclei 283

Follow- up to Clinical Case 284

Questions to Ponder 284

Chapter 15 Cerebellum 285

Clinical Case 285

Morphology of the Cerebellum 287

Cerebellar Peduncles 296

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei 298

Afferents (Input) to the Cerebellum 301

Efferents (Output) from the Cerebellum 304

Functional Organization of the Cerebellum: Intrinsic Circuitry 305

Clinical Considerations 307

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Cerebellum 309

Follow- up to Clinical Case 309

Questions to Ponder 309

Chapter 16 Reticular Formation 310

Clinical Case 310

Morphology of the Reticular Formation 311

Zones of the Reticular Formation 312

Nuclei Associated with the Reticular Formation 314

Input to and Output from the Reticular Formation 314

Functions of the Reticular Formation 315

Clinical Considerations 321

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Reticular Formation 322

Follow- up to Clinical Case 322

Questions to Ponder 322

Chapter 17 Cranial Nerves 323

Clinical Case 323

Olfactory Nerve (CN I) 329

Optic Nerve (CN II) 329

Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) 329

Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) 331

Clinical Considerations 331

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) 334

Clinical Considerations 340

Abducens Nerve (CN VI) 341

Clinical Considerations 342

Facial Nerve (CN VII) 346

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) 348

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) 349

Clinical Considerations 349

Clinical Considerations 353

Vagus Nerve (CN X) 353

Clinical Considerations 354

Accessory Nerve (CN XI) 354

Clinical Considerations 357

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) 357

Clinical Considerations 358

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Cranial Nerves 359

Follow- up to Clinical Case 360

Questions to Ponder 360

Chapter 18 Visual System 361

Clinical Case 361

Eyeball 361

Central Visual Pathways 367

Visual Reflexes 377

Clinical Considerations 384

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Visual System 387

Follow- up to Clinical Case 387

Questions to Ponder 387

Chapter 19 Auditory System 388

Clinical Case 388

Ear 389

Auditory Transmission 393

Central Auditory Pathways 394

Clinical Considerations 403

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Auditory System 404

Follow- up to Clinical Case 404

Questions to Ponder 404

Chapter 20 Vestibular System 405

Clinical Case 405

Vestibular Apparatus 406

Vestibular Nerve (CN VIII) 411

Central Pathways of the Vestibular System 413

Control of Ocular Movements 417

Vestibular Nystagmus 421

Caloric Nystagmus 421

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Vestibular System 423

Follow- up to Clinical Case 423

Questions to Ponder 423

Chapter 21 Olfactory System 424

Clinical Case 424

Olfactory Receptor Neurons 425

Olfactory Transduction 427

Olfactory Nerve (CN I) 428

Central Connections of the Olfactory System 429

Blood Supply and Drainage 431

Clinical Considerations 432

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Olfactory System 433

Follow- up to Clinical Case 433

Questions to Ponder 433

Chapter 22 Limbic System 434

Clinical Case 434

Limbic Lobe 435

Brainstem Centers Associated with Limbic System Function 446

Pathways of the Limbic System 446

Limbic Association Cortex 449

Limbic System Input to the Endocrine, Autonomic, and Somatic Motor Systems 449

Clinical Considerations 450

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Limbic System 451

Follow- up to Clinical Case 451

Questions to Ponder 452

Chapter 23 Hypothalamus 453

Clinical Case 453

Borders 454

Hypothalamic Zones and Component Nuclei 455

Hypothalamic Regions (Areas) and Component Nuclei 457

Connections of the Hypothalamus 462

Pathways of the Hypothalamus 463

Functions of the Hypothalamus 466

Hypothalamohypophyseal Connections 469

Clinical Considerations 475

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Hypothalamus 477

Follow- up to Clinical Case 478

Questions to Ponder 478

Chapter 24 Thalamus 480

Clinical Case 480

Borders 480

Anatomy 482

Internal and External Medullary Laminae 483

Thalamic Nuclei 484

Clinical Considerations 491

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Thalamus 492

Follow-up to Clinical Case 492

Questions to Ponder 493

Chapter 25 Cerebral Cortex 494

Clinical Case 494

Cells of the Cerebral Cortex 496

Types of Cortex 498

Cell Layers of the Neocortex 499

Vertical Columnar Organization of the Cerebral Cortex 500

Afferents (Input) to the Cerebral Cortex 500

Efferents (Output) from the Cerebral Cortex 501

Internal Capsule and Corona Radiata 504

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex 504

Functional Organization of the Cerebral Cortex 505

Cerebral Dominance 512

Clinical Considerations 515

Synonyms and Eponyms of the Cerebral Cortex 519

Follow-up to Clinical Case 520

Questions to Ponder 521

Chapter 26 Evolution of the Human Brain 522

Evolutionary Biology Fundamentals 522

Early Hominins 522

Non- Human Primates 522

Modern Human Brains 523

Prenatal and Postnatal Development 523

Questions to ponder: answers to odd questions 524

Questions to ponder: answers to even questions 533

Answers to clinical case margin questions 541

Index 545