The Placebo: A Reader (Paperback)

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Part I: The Concept and Significance of The Placebo Effect
Chapter 1. Conferences on Therapy: The Use of Placebos in Therapy
Chapter 2. The Powerful Placebo
Chapter 3. How Much of the Placebo "Effect" Is Really Statistical Regression?
Chapter 4. The Powerful Placebo Effect: Fact or Fiction?
Chapter 5. Is the Placebo Powerless? An Analysis of Clinical Trials
Comparing Placebo with No Treatment
Chapter 6. The Placebo Concept in Medicine and Psychiatry
Chapter 7. Deconstructing the Placebo Effect and Finding the Meaning Response
Chapter 8. The Placebo Effect in Alternative Medicine: Can the Performance of a Healing Ritual Have Clinical Significance?
Part II: Experimental Studies of the Placebo Effect
Section A. Pioneering Efforts
Chapter 9. Effects of Suggestion and Conditioning on the Action of Chemical Agents in Human Subjects: The Pharmacology of Placebos
Chapter 10. A Study of the Placebo Response
Chapter 11. Chance Distribution and the Placebo "Reactor"
Chapter 12. Placebo Effect in the Rat
Chapter 13. Reduction of Postoperative Pain by Encouragement and Instruction of Patients: A Study of Doctor-Patient Rapport
Chapter 14. The Interaction of Psychologic Stimuli and Pharmacologic Agents on Airway Reactivity in Asthmatic Subjects
Chapter 15. The Mechanism of Placebo Analgesia
Chapter 16. Behaviorally Conditioned Immunosuppression and Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 17. An Investigation of Drug Expectancy as a Function of Capsule Color and Size and Preparation Form
Chapter 18. Clinicians' Expectations Influence Placebo Analgesia
Section B. Psychological Mechanisms
Chapter 19. The Role of Conditioning and Verbal Expectancy in the Placebo Response
Chapter 20. Classical Conditioning and the Placebo Effect
Chapter 21. An Analysis of Factors That Contribute to the Magnitude of Placebo Analgesia in an Experimental Paradigm
Chapter 22. Neuropharmacological Dissection of Analgesia: Expectation- Activated Opioid Systems versus Conditioning- Activated Specific Subsystems
Chapter 23. Placebo Analgesia Induced by Social Observational Learning
Section C. Neurobiological Mechanisms
Chapter 24. Placebo and Opioid Analgesia: Imaging a Shared Neuronal Network
Chapter 25. Placebo- Induced Changes in fMRI in the Anticipation and Experience of Pain
Chapter 26. Placebo Effects Mediated by Endogenous Opioid Activity on - Opioid Receptors
Chapter 27. Direct Evidence for Spinal Cord Involvement in Placebo Analgesia
Chapter 28. The Biochemical and Neuroendocrine Bases of the Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect
Chapter 29. Expectation and Dopamine Release: Mechanism of the Placebo Effect in Parkinson's Disease
Chapter 30. Placebo- Responsive Parkinson Patients Show Decreased Activity in Single Neurons of Subthalamic Nucleus
Chapter 31. Expectation Enhances the Regional Brain Metabolic and the Reinforcing Effects of Stimulants in Cocaine Abusers
Section D. Contextual Factors
Chapter 32. Do Double- Blind Studies with Informed Consent Yield Externally Valid Results? An Empirical Test
Chapter 33. Response Expectancies in Placebo Analgesia and Their Clinical Relevance
Chapter 34. Placebos without Deception: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chapter 35. Finasteride 5 mg and Sexual Side Effects: How Many of These Are Related to a Nocebo Phenomenon?
Chapter 36. Overt versus Covert Treatment for Pain, Anxiety, and Parkinson's Disease
Chapter 37. Components of Placebo Effect: Randomised Controlled Trial in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chapter 38. Conditioned Pharmacotherapeutic Effects: A Preliminary Study
Part III: Ethical Issues Raised by the Use of Placebos in Research and Clinical Practice
Section A. Research
Chapter 39. The Continuing Unethical Use of PlaceboControls
Chapter 40. Placebo Orthodoxy in Clinical Research II: Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Myths
Chapter 41. Placebo- Controlled Trials and Active- Control Trials in the Evaluation of New Treatments: Part 1. Ethical and Scientific Issues
Chapter 42. The Ethics of Placebo- Controlled Trials: A Middle Ground
Chapter 43. Is Placebo Surgery Unethical?
Chapter 44. Deception in Research on the Placebo Effect
Chapter 45. Inclusion of Authorized Deception in the Informed Consent Pro cess Does Not Affect the Magnitude of the Placebo Effect for Experimentally Induced Pain
Chapter 46. False Hopes and Best Data: Consent to Research and the Therapeutic Misconception
Section B. Clinical Practice
Chapter 47. The Use of Placebo Interventions in Medical Practice: A National Questionnaire Survey of Danish Clinicians
Chapter 48. Prescribing "Placebo Treatments": Results of National Survey of U.S. Internists and Rheumatologists
Chapter 49. The Ethics of Giving Placebos
Chapter 50. The Lie That Heals: The Ethics of Giving Placebo
Chapter 51. Placebo as a Treatment for Depression
Chapter 52. The Legitimacy of Placebo Treatments in Clinical Practice: Evidence and Ethics
Index