Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths (Hardcover, 2)

The Rare Earths
Introduction
Discovery
Special Characteristics
Properties
Reactivity
Aqueous Systems
Applications
Global Rare-Earth Demand
Summary

Resources
Introduction
Crustal Abundance
Minerals
Rare-Earth Deposits
Resources and Reserves
Occurrence
By-Products and Coproducts
World Rare-Earth Production
A Scenario for the Immediate Future
Summary

Resource Processing
Introduction
Mining
Physical Beneficiation
Beneficiation of Other Rare-Earth Minerals
Chemical Treatment
Separation Processes
Scandium
Summary

Reduction
Introduction
Fundamentals
Metallothermy
Preparation of Rare-Earth Chlorides
Reduction of Rare-Earth Chlorides
Preparation of Rare-Earth Fluorides
Reduction of Rare-Earth Fluorides
Oxide Reduction Processes
New Reduction Procedures
Carbothermic Reduction
Electrolytic Production of Rare-Earth Metals
Recovery of Rare-Earth Metals as Alloys
Current Efficiency
Summary

Refining
Introduction
Origin of Impurities
Methods for Impurity Removal
Pyrovacuum Treatments
Pyrovacuum Techniques
Electrorefining
Ultrapurification Methods
Zone Refining
Solid-State Electrotransport
Zone Refining and Electrotransport
Iodide Refining
Miscellaneous Processes
Summary

Rare-Earth Materials
Introduction
Misch Metal
Rare Earth?Silicon?Iron Alloys
Rare Earth?Magnesium?Silicon Alloys
Rare Earth?Aluminum?Zinc Alloy
Yttrium?Aluminum Alloy
RE?TM?Mg Alloys
FCC Catalysts
Permanent Magnet Materials
Rare Earth?Co Permanent Magnets
Neodymium?Iron?Boron Magnets
Sm?Fe?N Magnets
Lanthanum Substitution in Ferrites
Magnetostrictive Material (Terfenol-D)
Magnetic Refrigerants (Magnetocaloric Materials)
Thin Film Deposition Processes
NiMH Battery and Hydrogen Storage Materials
Special Rare-Earth Ceramics
Preparation of Rare-Earth Phosphors
Superconductors
Summary

Recycling
Introduction
Materials for Recycling
Potential for Recycling
Processes for Recycling
Pyrometallurgical Processes
Hydrometallurgy
Separation of Individual Rare Earths
Magnets
Nickel?Metal Hydride Batteries
Phosphors
Glass-Polishing Powder
Catalysts
Optical Glass
Miscellaneous Materials
Summary

Analysis of Rare Earths
Introduction
Chemical Methods
Analytical Separation of Rare Earths
Instrumental Methods
Spectroscopy
ICP-MS
XRF
NAA
Other Instrumental Techniques
Determination of Interstitials
Summary

Environmental Aspects
Introduction
Contaminant Elements in Rare-Earth Ores
Main Process Steps in Mining and Processing
Contaminant Release Points
Environmental Aspects of Mining and Processing in China
Entry Criteria for Rare-Earth Industry (China)
Research and Development on Cleaner Production in China
Environment-Friendly Processing outside China
Mountain Pass
Bear Lodge
Mount Weld
Dubbo Zirconia Project
Kvanefjeld
Steenkampskrall Mine
Nechalacho Project
Summary

References