Using Forensic DNA Evidence at Trial: A Case Study Approach (Paperback)

History of DNA Profiling Evidence in the Judicial SystemIntroductionIntroduction of the TechniqueDNA Court Challenges during Initial ImplementationEvidence Collection and Laboratory PracticesChanging TechnologySummaryReferencesContextIntroductionExhibits in ContextContext of TestingAssociation with a Body Fluid/MatterTime of DepositionScientific MethodReferencesTransferIntroductionPrinciples of DNA TransferMechanisms of DNA TransferHigher Levels of TransferTouchFingernail Swabs and CuttingsPackagingExaminationEnvironmental Monitoring and Crime Scene SamplingDNA ‘Dust’Inadvertent Transfer and ContaminationReferencesInterpretation of DNA ProfilesIntroductionSampling: The First StepExtractionQuantificationAmplificationSeparation and InterpretationStatistical EvaluationRelativesDNA DatabasesCold CasesReferencesStatisticsIntroductionStatistical Interpretation and WordingConcept of ‘Uniqueness’Statistical ApproachesSingle Contributor ProfilesMixturesExpert Computer SystemsPopulation DatabasesReferencesLow Template, Low Level or Low Copy Number DNAIntroductionHistoryLow Template, Low Copy Number, Low LevelAmbiguity and Stochastic EffectsDropoutMixturesStatistical ApproachesPerformance TestsOpen-Source versus Closed-Source SoftwareControversyReferencesY-STR Profiling and Mitochondrial DNA TypingIntroductionY-STR ProfilingMitochondrial DNA TypingCombining StatisticsAdvancesReferencesFrontiersIntroductionFamilial DNA SearchingTwinsDomestic Animal HairForensic DNA PhenotypingMini-STRsMicrobial ForensicsBotanyReferencesQualityIntroductionContaminationContinuityTransparencyInterpretationError RateReliability and ValidityReferences