Optimizing Physical Performance During Fasting and Dietary Restriction: Implications for Athletes and Sports Medicine (Hardcover)

Introduction: Characteristics of Fasting
Learning Objectives
Total Fasting and Dietary Restrictions
Intermittent Fasting during Ramadan
Fasting in the Greek Orthodox Church
Daniel Fasting
Focus of the Present Text
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Changes of Body Mass and Energy Balance during Fasting and Dietary Restriction
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Energy Balance
Body Stores of Energy and Fluids
Issue of Metabolic Ketosis
Severe Food Deprivation
Prolonged Moderate Food Restriction
Vegan-Type Dietary Restrictions
Restrictions of Fluid Intake
Intermittent (Ramadan) Fasting
Total Fasting
Dietary Guidelines
Other Practical Implications
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Carbohydrate Metabolism and Fasting
Learning Objectives
Nature of Carbohydrates and Normal Daily Requirements
Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Anabolic and Catabolic Activities
Effects of Exercise Intensity and Duration on Carbohydrate Oxidation
Impact of Carbohydrate Supplements upon Physical Performance
Effect of Fasting and/or Dietary Restrictions on Carbohydrate Metabolism
Impact of Ramadan Observance on Carbohydrate Intake and Blood Glucose
Implications for Athletic Performance
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Mobilization and Utilization of Lipids during Dietary Restriction Conditions
Learning Objectives
Fat Metabolism under Non-Fasting Conditions
General Effects of Fasting upon Fat Metabolism
Practical Applications
Areas Requiring Further Research
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Protein Metabolism during Dietary Restriction
Learning Objectives
Normal Protein Needs of the Body
Mechanisms Regulating Anabolic and Catabolic Activity
Dietary Restrictions, Protein Intake and Catabolism
Changes in Body Composition with Dietary Restriction
Practical Implications
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Hydration and Fluid Restriction in Athletes
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Normal Regulation of Fluid Balance in Human Subjects
Methods of Assessing Dehydration
Effects of Water Deprivation
Effects of Repeated Moderate Fluid Restriction in Sedentary Individuals
Effects of Intermittent Fluid Restriction in Athletes
Practical Implications for the Muslim Athlete
Other Patterns of Fluid Depletion in Athletes
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Changes in Hormone Levels and Circadian Rhythms during Fasting
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Hormonal Adaptations to Exercise and Training
Metabolic and Hormonal Responses to Fasting
Hormonal Responses to the Intermittent Fasting of Ramadan
Changes in Exercise Hormonal Responses during Ramadan Observance
Ramadan Observance, Sleep Patterns and Circadian Rhythms
Practical Implications
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Oxidative Stress and Fasting
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Training and the Balance between Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses
Dietary Modifications and Oxidative Stress
Oxidative Stress and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting
Dietary Restriction in Patients with Clinical Conditions
Dietary Restrictions and Oxidant Stress in Laboratory Animals
Practical Implications for Athletes
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Effects of Dietary and Fluid Restrictions upon Physical Performance, Cognition and Vigilance
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Anaerobic Performance
Aerobic Performance
Muscular Strength and Endurance
Psychomotor Performance
Areas Requiring Further Research
Practical Applications
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Nutritional Recommendations for Dietary Restriction
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Dieting and the Sedentary Person
Carbohydrate Requirements and Dietary Restriction
Lipid Requirements and Dietary Restriction
Protein Needs of the Athlete during Ramadan
Issues of Hydration
Antioxidant Supplementation during Fasting
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Tactics to Sustain Training and Competitive Performance during Fasting
Learning Objectives
Concepts Underlying Modern Training Techniques
Changes in Patterns of Training during Fasting or Dietary Restriction
Changes in Volume and Time of Training during Ramadan Observance
Practical Implications for Athletes
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Coping and Recovery Tactics during Fasting and Dietary Restriction
Learning Objectives
Recovery Mechanisms Following an Exercise Bout
Other Physical Recovery Techniques
Psychological Recovery and Mental Preparation
Rest, Napping and Sleeping during Fasting
Practical Implications for Athletes
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References
Further Reading

Miscellaneous Medical Issues during Dietary and Fluid Restriction
Learning Objectives
Dietary and Fluid Restrictions and Doping Control Measures
Dietary Restrictions and Prescribed Medication
Dietary Restrictions and General Health
Dietary Restrictions and the Risk of Injury
Restriction of Fluid Intake and Heat Stress
General Medical Advice
Conclusions
Key Terms
Questions for Discussion
References

Conclusions