Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence : Algorithmic Actants, Hybrids, Crowds (Hardcover)

1. Digitalisation: The Responsibility Gap I. The Fear of the Homo Ex Machina II. Growing Liability Gaps III. Legal Doctrine and the Denial of Reality IV. Full Legal Subjectivity for E-Persons? V. Our Solution: New Legal Status Ascriptions for Autonomous Information Systems VI. Three Digital Risks and Their Legal Conceptualisation 2. Actants: Autonomy Risk I. Anthropomorphism? II. Communication with Actants III. Gradualised Digital Autonomy IV. Legal Criteria of Autonomy V. Our Solution: Decision Under Uncertainty 3. Liability for Actants' Decisions I. Software Agents in Private Law II. Algorithmic Contract Formation III. Contractual Liability IV. Extra-Contractual Liability 4. Hybrids: Association Risk I. Human-Machine Associations II. Hybrids as Legal Entities? III. Our Solution: Enterprise Liability for Human-Algorithm Networks 5. Multi-Agent Systems: Interconnectivity Risk I. System Connectivity: From "Persons" to "Swarms" II. Interconnectivity Risk III. Current Legal Responses: Individualising or Collectivising the System? IV. Our Solution: Socialising the Interconnectivity Risk 6. Three Liability Systems and Their Interrelations I. Rules II. Differences III. Interrelations IV. Case Studies