Power System Capacitors (Hardcover)

INTRODUCTIONHistory of CapacitorsCapacitors for Power IndustryOrganization of the BookFUNDAMENTALS OF CAPACITORSCapacitance of Parallel Plates and SpheresCylindrical CapacitorsEnergy Stored in a CapacitorCharging and Discharging of a CapacitorPOWER FACTOR CONCEPTSThe Power FactorThe Synchronous CondenserINDUSTRY STANDARDSThe Standard's OrganizationsStandards related to CapacitorsCAPACITOR SPECIFICATIONSType of Capacitor UnitsSpecifications of the CapacitorOther Types of CapacitorsTESTING OF CAPACITORSDesign TestsRoutine TestsInstallation or Field TestsLOCATION OF SHUNT CAPACITORSIntroductionConsiderations in Locating CapacitorsConsiderations in Handling Substation CapacitorsShunt Capacitor ConfigurationsCables for Power CapacitorsPOWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENTIntroductionFixed Versus Switched CapacitorsApplication of Fixed and Switched CapacitorsSYSTEM IMPACTSReactive Power SupportVoltage Profile ImprovementsLine and Transformer Loss ReductionsRelease of Power System CapacityConclusionsSERIES CAPACITORSIntroductionSeries Capacitors on Radial FeedersSeries Capacitors for Transmission LinesLimitations of Series Capacitor ApplicationsOther Series Capacitor ApplicationsConclusionsSURGE CAPACITORSIntroductionInsulation Withstand StrengthSources of Fast Front SurgesThe Protection SystemCapacitors for Circuit BreakersConclusionsCAPACITOR FOR MOTOR APPLICATIONSIntroductionReactive Power RequirementsAdditional Effects Due to CapacitorsSelection of Capacitor RatingsMotor Starting and Related IssuesCAPACITORS FOR OTHER APPLICATIONSElectric Arc FurnaceResistive Spot WeldingCapacitors for Lighting ApplicationsCapacitor Run Single Phase MotorsFerroresonant Transformer ApplicationsCapacitors for Pulsed Power SupplyCapacitors for EHV ApplicationsCapacitors for Energy StorageSTATIC VAR COMPENSATIONCompensation ConceptsEffect of Shunt CompensationDescription of Static Var Compensators (SVC)Losses and Harmonics in the SVCEffect of SVC on Bulk Power SystemsConclusionsPROTECTION OF SHUNT CAPACITORSIntroductionOvercurrent ProtectionProtection Against Rack FailuresUnbalance ProtectionConclusionsOVERCURRENT PROTECTIONType of FusingFuse for CapacitorsSelection of Fuse LinksEffects of Open FuseConclusionsCIRCUIT BREAKERSType of Circuit BreakersThe Circuit Breaker RatingsPerformance of the Circuit BreakersCircuit Breakers for Capacitance SwitchingConclusionsSURGE PROTECTIONThe Lightning SurgeType of Lightning SurgesThe Surge of ArrestersSurge Arrester CharacteristicsNature of Temporary Over VoltagesProtective CoordinationConclusionsMAINTENANCE AND TROUBLE SHOOTINGMaintenanceTrouble ShootingHARMONIC FILTERINGHarmonic SourcesSystem Response to HarmonicsAcceptable PerformanceHarmonic FiltersThe System Response ConsiderationsFilter DesignConclusionsCAPACITANCE-TRANSFORMER TRANSIENTSThe Transformer-Capacitor EnergizationCapacitor Switching and Transformer TransientsReducing the Voltage TransientsConclusionsCAPACITOR SWITCHINGIntroductionSwitching TransientsVoltage Acceptance CriteriaInsulation CoordinationConclusionsINDUCED VOLTAGE IN CONTROL CABLESIntroductionSources of Induced VoltagesAcceptable Induced VoltagesExample SystemCalculation of Induced VoltagesEffect of Lightning on Control CablesConclusionsECONOMIC ANALYSISBasis of Engineering EconomicsCost ComponentsEffect of Income Tax and Related FactorsEconomic EvaluationsConclusionsBIBLIOGRAPHYAPPENDIX A: CAPACITOR CIRCUIT FUNDAMENTALSAPPENDIX B: DEFINITIONSAPPENDIX C: CIRCUIT BREAKER DATAAPPENDIX D: SURGE ARRESTER DATAAPPENDIX E: FUSE CHARACTERISTICS