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· 분류 : 외국도서 > 기술공학 > 기술공학 > 텔레커뮤니케이션
· ISBN : 9781848214439
· 쪽수 : 410쪽
· 출판일 : 2013-05-14
목차
Foreword xi
Abbreviations and Acronyms xv
Acknowledgments xxvii
Introduction xxxiii
Chapter 1. Network Evolutions, Applications and Their Synchronization Requirements 1
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Evolution from plesiochronous digital hierarchy to optical transport networks 3
1.2.1. Plesiochronous digital hierarchy and public switch telephone networks 3
1.2.2. Evolution toward SDH and synchronous optical network 7
1.2.3. Introduction of optical transport network in transport networks 11
1.3. Migration and evolution in the next-generation networks: from time division multiplexing to packet networks 12
1.3.1. Circuit emulation synchronization requirements 14
1.4. Mobile networks and mobile backhaul 17
1.4.1. Synchronization requirements in mobile networks 22
1.5. Synchronization requirements in other applications 27
1.6. The need to define new synchronization technologies 28
1.7. Bibliography 30
Chapter 2. Synchronization Technologies 33
2.1. Fundamental aspects related to network synchronization 33
2.2. Timing transport via the physical layer 42
2.2.1. Synchronous Ethernet 42
2.3. Packet timing 47
2.3.1. Packet timing using traffic data 47
2.3.2. Packet-based methods 52
2.4. IEEE 1588 and its Precision Time Protocol 55
2.4.1. Some essentials of IEEE 1588 56
2.4.2. IEEE 1588-2002: origin and limitations 64
2.4.3. IEEE 1588-2008 and PTPv2 68
2.5. The concept of “profiles” 75
2.5.1. Frequency profile 77
2.5.2. Phase and time profile (ITU-T G.8275.1) 81
2.6. Other packet-based protocols 82
2.6.1. Packet-based timing: starting with CES 82
2.6.2. Dedicated timing TDM PW 86
2.6.3. NTP 87
2.6.4. Summary and comparison 91
2.7. GNSS and other radio clock sources 94
2.7.1. Global and regional space-based timing system 94
2.7.2. Regional terrestrial systems 102
2.7.3. Comparison 104
2.8. Summary 105
2.9. Bibliography 107
Chapter 3. Synchronization Network Architectures in Packet Networks 111
3.1. The network synchronization layer 111
3.1.1. Network layers and abstraction 111
3.1.2. The synchronization layer 116
3.2. Functional modeling 117
3.3. Frequency synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes using SyncE 119
3.3.1. Introduction 119
3.3.2. Network topologies 120
3.3.3. Redundancy and source traceability 121
3.3.4. Use of SSM in real networks 122
3.3.5. Networks involving SSUs 130
3.3.6. Classical errors during SSM configuration 131
3.3.7. Conclusion on synchronization topologies 133
3.4. The IEEE 1588 standard and its applicability in telecommunication networks 133
3.5. Frequency synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588 134
3.5.1. Redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588 136
3.6. Time synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes 139
3.6.1. Locally distributed PRTC 140
3.6.2. Packet-based method 141
3.6.3. Resiliency and redundancy schemes 142
3.7. Bibliography 146
Chapter 4. Synchronization Design and Deployments 149
4.1. High-level principles 149
4.1.1. Network evolution 152
4.1.2. Typical mobile networks requirements and evolutions 158
4.2. MAKE or BUY network synchronization strategies 161
4.2.1. Relationships between MAKE or BUY strategies for network connectivity and Synchronization 162
4.2.2. MAKE or BUY network synchronization source strategies 167
4.2.3. Fixed/mobile network scenarios 170
4.3. Deployment of timing solutions for frequency synchronization needs 182
4.3.1. Overview of synchronization solutions for frequency needs 183
4.3.2. Synchronous Ethernet deployments 184
4.3.3. IEEE 1588 end-to-end deployments 196
4.4. Deployment of timing solutions for accurate phase/time synchronization needs 220
4.4.1. GNSS deployments and associated issues 221
4.4.2. IEEE 1588 full timing support deployments 225
4.4.3. Possible migration paths toward IEEE 1588 phase/time profile 236
4.5. Bibliography 237
Chapter 5. Management and Monitoring of Synchronization Networks 239
5.1. Introduction 239
5.2. Network management systems and the telecommunications management network (TMN) 240
5.3. Synchronization Network management: the synchronization plan and protection 242
5.4. Provisioning and setup: manual versus automatic 245
5.5. Monitoring functions 246
5.6. Management issues in wireless backhaul 249
5.7. Network OS integration: M.3000 versus SNMP 250
5.8. Bibliography 252
Chapter 6. Security Aspects Impacting Synchronization 255
6.1. Security and synchronization 255
6.1.1. Terminology used in security 257
6.1.2. Synchronization in network security ensemble 259
6.2. Security of the timing source 261
6.2.1. Access security to device 262
6.2.2. GNSS signal vulnerability 263
6.2.3. Protecting and mitigating from compromise signal 270
6.3. Security of synchronization distribution 274
6.3.1. Security aspects of physical timing transmission 275
6.3.2. Security aspects of packet-based timing transmission 277
6.4. Synchronization risk management 282
6.5. Bibliography 284
Chapter 7. Test and Measurement Aspects of Packet Synchronization Networks 287
7.1. Introduction 287
7.2. Traditional metrics 287
7.3. Equipment configuration 292
7.4. Reference signals, cables and connectors 293
7.5. Testing Synchronous Ethernet 293
7.5.1. Testing the performance of SyncE EEC 294
7.5.2. Testing the ESMC protocol 304
7.6. Testing the IEEE 1588 end-to-end telecom profile 308
7.6.1. Testing the telecom profile – protocol 308
7.6.2. Testing the telecom profile – performance of packet networks 316
7.6.3. Testing the telecom profile – performance of a PTP packet slave clock 319
7.7. Bibliography 326
Appendix 1. Standards in Telecom Packet Networks Using Synchronous Ethernet and/or IEEE 1588 329
A1.1. Introduction 329
A1.2. General content of ITU-T standards 330
A1.2.1. Network level 330
A1.2.2. Equipment level 331
A1.2.3. Use of network and equipment specification 332
A1.3. Summary of standards 332
A1.3.1. Standards related to SyncE 333
A1.3.2. Standards related to IEEE 1588 end-to-end telecom profile for frequency 335
A1.3.3. Standards related to IEEE 1588 full timing support telecom profile for phase and time transport 337
A1.4. Bibliography 339
Appendix 2. Jitter Estimation by Statistical Study (JESS) Metric Definition 341
A2.1. Mathematical definition of JESS 341
A2.2. Mathematical definition of JESS-w 342
Permissions and Credits 345
Biography 349
Index 353
