Translation Engines (Paperback)

1 Background.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Computers in Translation.- 1.2 History of Machine Translation.- 1.3 Strategies for Machine Translation.- 1.4 Artificial Intelligence.- 1.5 Conclusion.- 2 Basic Terminology and Background.- 2.1 Linguistics.- 2.2 Formal Background.- 2.3 Review of Prolog.- 2.4 Conclusion.- 2 Machine-Aided Translation.- 3 Text Processing.- 3.1 Format Preservation.- 3.2 Character Sets and Typography.- 3.3 Input Methods.- 3.4 Conclusion.- 4 Translator's Workbench and Translation Aids.- 4.1 Translator's Workbench.- 4.2 Translation Memory.- 4.3 Bilingual Alignment.- 4.4 Subsentential Alignment.- 4.5 Conclusion.- 3 Machine Translation.- 5 Computational Linguistics Techniques.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Computational Morphology and the Two-level Model.- 5.3 Syntactic Analysis.- 5.4 Parsing.- 5.5 Generation.- 5.6 Conclusion.- 6 Transfer Machine Translation.- 6.1 Syntactic Transfer MT.- 6.2 Semantic Transfer MT.- 6.3 Lexicalist MT.- 6.4 Conclusion.- 7 Interlingua Machine Translation.- 7.1 Lexical Conceptual Structure MT.- 7.2 Knowledge-Based Machine Translation.- 7.3 Conclusion.- 8 Other Approaches to MT.- 8.1 Example-Based Machine Translation.- 8.2 Statistical Machine Translation.- 8.3 Minimal Recursion Semantics.- 8.4 Constraint Systems.- 8.5 Conclusion.- 4 Common Issues.- 9 Disambiguation.- 9.1 POS Tagging.- 9.2 Disambiguation of Syntactic Analysis.- 9.3 Word Sense Disambiguation.- 9.4 Transfer Disambiguation.- 9.5 Conclusion.- 10 Evaluation.- 10.1 Evaluation Participants.- 10.2 Evaluation Strategies.- 10.3 Quality Measures.- 10.4 Software Evaluation.- 10.5 Software User Needs.- 10.6 Conclusion.- 11 Conclusion.- 11.1 Trends.- 11.2 Further Reading.- Appendix: Useful Resources.