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· 제목 : Morphisms for Quantitative Spatial Analysis (Paperback)
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 경제경영 > 경제학/경제일반 > 계량경제학
· ISBN : 9783030102241
· 쪽수 : 258쪽
· 출판일 : 2018-12-25
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 경제경영 > 경제학/경제일반 > 계량경제학
· ISBN : 9783030102241
· 쪽수 : 258쪽
· 출판일 : 2018-12-25
목차
Preamble ………………………………………………………………………………………………..8
Chapter 1 Introduction to Part 1: Spatial Statistics............................................................................. 10
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 10
1.2 Polish employment data: 2006-2013. .................................................................................... 10
1.3 Polish data quality ................................................................................................................. 11
1.4 Concluding comments........................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 2 Spatial Autocorrelation and the p-Median Problem .......................................................... 15
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 15
2.2 Eigenvector spatial filtering in a nutshell.............................................................................. 15
2.3 Imputing missing spatial data................................................................................................ 16
2.4 The location-allocation problem............................................................................................ 17
2.5 Location-allocation solutions in the presence of missing and imputed data ......................... 19
2.6 Relationships between spatial autocorrelation and solutions to location-allocation problems................................................................................................................................ 22
2.7 Concluding comments........................................................................................................... 26
Chapter 3 Space-Time Autocorrelation.............................................................................................. 28
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 28
3.2 Specifying a space-time Moran Coefficient .......................................................................... 28
3.3 Properties of the space-time Moran Coefficient.................................................................... 31
3.4 Eigenvector space-time filtering............................................................................................ 33
3.5 Omitted variables in a description of space-time response variables .................................... 35
3.6 Concluding comments........................................................................................................... 37
Chapter 4 The Relative Importance of Spatial and Temporal Autocorrelation.................................. 384.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 38
4.2 Random effects: SSRE and SURE components.................................................................... 40
4.3 Estimating a SURE term: a sensitivity analysis .................................................................... 42
4.4 Time beats space ................................................................................................................... 44
4.5 Space beats time .................................................................................................................... 45
4.6 Concluding comments........................................................................................................... 46
Chapter 5 The Spatial Weights Matrix and ESF ................................................................................ 47
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 47
5.2 Spatial weights matrix comparisons...................................................................................... 47
5.2.1 Some binary SWM comparisons ................................................................................... 49
5.2.2 Some row-standardized SWM comparisons.................................................................. 50
5.2.3 Variance stabilizing standardization.............................................................................. 51
5.3 Comparisons of spatial weights matrix eigenvectors ............................................................ 535.4 Competing model specifications: spatial autoregressions and ESFs..................................... 54
5.5 Concluding comments........................................................................................................... 56
Chapter 6 Clustering: Spatial Autocorrelation and Location Quotients............................................. 57
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 57
6.2 Location quotients (LQs)....................................................................................................... 57
6.3 The multivariate space-time structure of Polish LQs: 2006-2013......................................... 586.4 Spatial autocorrelation and LQs ............................................................................................ 59
6.5 Spatially adjusted LQs for Polish employment ..................................................................... 60
6.6 Space-time description of the Polish LQs ............................................................................. 62
6.7 Concluding comments ........................................................................................................... 65
Chapter 7 Spatial Autocorrelation Parameter Estimation for Massively Large Georeferenced Datasets.............................................................................................................................. 66
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 66
7.2 Maximum likelihood estimation............................................................................................ 66
7.2.1 A large remotely sensed image example ....................................................................... 68
7.2.2 Other approaches........................................................................................................... 69
7.3 The sampling variance of ρ? .................................................................................................. 70
7.3.1 The asymptotic variance for massively large georeferenced datasets: the 1st-order eigenvalue term............................................................................................................. 737.3.2 The asymptotic variance for massively large georeferenced datasets: the 2nd-order eigenvalue term............................................................................................................. 74
7.3.3 The asymptotic variance for massively large georeferenced datasets: the residual term............................................................................................................................... 75
7.3.4 A preliminary asymptotic variance approximation accuracy assessment ..................... 76
7.4 Irregular surface partitioning spatial autocorrelation simulation experiments ...................... 76
7.5 Concluding comments........................................................................................................... 77Chapter 8 Space-Time Data and Semi-Saturated Fixed Effects......................................................... 79
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 79
8.2 What is fixed effects? ............................................................................................................ 79
8.3 Testing for fixed effects......................................................................................................... 80
8.4 Fixed effects: SSFE and SUFE components ......................................................................... 81
8.5 Estimating a SUFE term: selected sensitivity analyses......................................................... 838.6 An exploration of interaction terms....................................................................................... 86
8.7 Concluding comments........................................................................................................... 86
Chapter 9 Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Interaction Gravity Models....................................... 87
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 87
9.2 The doubly-constrained gravity model: a Poisson specification that accounts for spatial autocorrelation ...................................................................................................................... 87
9.3 Modeling spatial autocorrelation........................................................................................... 88
9.4 Spatial autocorrelation and provincial-level journey-to-work flows..................................... 89
9.5 Infill and increasing domain analyses ................................................................................... 93
9.5.1 A comparative infill analysis of journey-to-work flows................................................ 93
9.5.2 A comparative increasing domain analysis of journey-to-work flows.......................... 96
9.6 Concluding comments ............................................................................................................ 97
Chapter 10 General Conclusions About Spatial Statistics.................................................................... 99
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 99
10.2 Spatial autocorrelation and the p-median problem................................................................ 99
10.3 Space-time autocorrelation.................................................................................................. 100
10.4 The relative importance of spatial and temporal autocorrelation........................................ 100
10.5 The spatial weights matrix and eigenvector spatial filtering............................................... 101
10.6 Clustering: spatial autocorrelation and location quotients .................................................. 102
10.7 Spatial autocorrelation parameter estimation for massively large georeferenced datasets . 103
10.8 Space-time data and semi-saturated fixed effects................................................................ 104
10.9 Spatial autocorrelation and spatial interaction gravity models............................................ 105
10.10 Concluding comments......................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 11 Introduction to Part 2: Spatial Econometrics ................................................................... 107
Chapter 12 Tinbergen-Bos Systems: Combining Combinatorial Analysis with Metric Topology.... 108
12.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 108
12.2 TBS-analysis and first extensions ....................................................................................... 109
12.2.1 Input-output relations (Kuiper and Paelinck, 1984) .................................................... 109
12.2.2 Complexity (Paelinck, 2000b)..................................................................................... 111
12.2.3 Hierarchy (Paelinck, 1995 and 1997, Part1)................................................................ 111
12.2.4 Objective function ....................................................................................................... 112
12.3 Metric extension.................................................................................................................. 112
12.3.1 Manhattan circles and distance frequencies (Kuiper, Paelinck and Rosing 1990)...... 112
12.3.2 Equations, weights....................................................................................................... 113
12.3.3 Location-allocation aspects ......................................................................................... 115
12.4 Endogenous number of plants with economies of scale and scope..................................... 117
12.4.1 Economies of scale...................................................................................................... 117
12.4.2 Economies of scope..................................................................................................... 117
12.5 Non-unit prices .................................................................................................................... 118
12.5.1 Price definition ............................................................................................................ 11812.5.2 Exogenous prices......................................................................................................... 118
12.5.3 Endogenous prices....................................................................................................... 119
12.6 Chapter conclusions ............................................................................................................ 120
12.6.1 On theoretical spatial economics................................................................................. 120
12.6.2 On spatial econometrics .............................................................................................. 122Chapter 13 Time, Space, or Econotimespace? ................................................................................... 125
13.1 Conceptual analysis............................................................................................................. 125
13.1.1 Time............................................................................................................................. 125
13.1.2 Space ........................................................................................................................... 126
13.1.3 Space-time? ................................................................................................................. 127
13.1.4 Toward spatial econometrics....................................................................................... 12913.2 Space-time spatial econometrics ......................................................................................... 129
13.2.1 Space-time relation...................................................................................................... 129
13.2.2 Space and time misspecification in spatial econometrics............................................ 130
13.3 Chapter conclusions ............................................................................................................ 139
Chapter 14 Hybrid dynamical systems and control............................................................................ 140
14.1 Theoretical model................................................................................................................ 14014.2 Spatial econometric specification........................................................................................ 141
14.3 Control................................................................................................................................. 144
14.4 Negotiation .......................................................................................................................... 145
14.5 Chapter conclusions ............................................................................................................ 147
Chapter 15 The W matrix revisited .................................................................................................... 147
15.1 Consistent spatial modeling................................................................................................. 14815.2 Lotka-Volterra systems as generalized logistics. ................................................................ 150
15.3 Characterizing the A matrix in an extended SAR model .................................................... 152
15.4 Chapter conclusions. ........................................................................................................... 154
Chapter 16 Clustering, some non-standard approaches...................................................................... 155
16.1 Axiomatic basis ................................................................................................................... 155
16.1.1 Clusters........................................................................................................................ 15516.1.2 Complexes ................................................................................................................... 156
16.1.3 Corps ........................................................................................................................... 156
16.1.4 Hierarchies................................................................................................................... 157
16.1.5 Interwovenness............................................................................................................ 158
16.2 Spatial econometrics............................................................................................................ 159
16.2.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 15916.2.2 Applications and comparison ...................................................................................... 163
16.3 Comparison of results.......................................................................................................... 165
16.4 Chapter conclusions ............................................................................................................ 166
Chapter 17 Linear expenditure systems and related estimation problems ......................................... 167
17.1 Linear expenditure systems (Paelinck, 1964; Solari, 1971) ................................................ 167
17.1.1 Level specification....................................................................................................... 167
17.1.2 GRM1: growth rate model 1........................................................................................ 168
17.1.3 GRM2: growth rate model 2........................................................................................ 169
17.1.4 Conclusion................................................................................................................... 169
17.2 Different estimators compared ............................................................................................ 169
17.2.1 SDLS: Simultaneous Dynamic Least squares ............................................................. 170
17.2.2 RF (Reduced Form) and 2SLS (Two Stage Least Squares) estimation....................... 171
17.2.3 Latent Variables........................................................................................................... 172
17.2.4 LES, linear expenditure systems ................................................................................. 173
17.2.5 Conclusion................................................................................................................... 173
17.3 Distribution-free maximum likelihood estimation .............................................................. 174
17.3.1 Single equation case .................................................................................................... 174
17.3.2 Interdependent systems ............................................................................................... 175
17.4 Chapter conclusions. ........................................................................................................... 176
Chapter 18 Structural indicators galore….......................................................................................... 177
18.1 Spatial discount functions.................................................................................................... 177
18.1.1 The Tanner function .................................................................................................... 17718.1.2 The Ancot-Paelinck function....................................................................................... 178
18.1.3 The continuous Poisson function................................................................................. 179
18.1.4 The Lognormal function.............................................................................................. 179
18.1.5 The Loglogistic function ............................................................................................. 180
18.1.6 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 180
18.2 Dispersion coefficients ........................................................................................................ 181
18.2.1 Variance analysis......................................................................................................... 182
18.2.2 Theil’s U coefficient generalized ................................................................................ 183
18.2.3 Some trigonometry ...................................................................................................... 183
18.2.4 Correlation analysis..................................................................................................... 184
18.2.5 Synthesis...................................................................................................................... 185
18.3 Chapter conclusions ............................................................................................................ 185
Chapter 19 Traveling with the salesman... ......................................................................................... 186
19.1 The Traveling Salesman Problem ....................................................................................... 186
19.2 The Matrix Permutation Problem........................................................................................ 190
19.3 The Koopmans-Beckmann problem.................................................................................... 191
19.4 Dynamic cluster analysis..................................................................................................... 191
19.5 Chapter conclusions ............................................................................................................ 194
Chapter 20 Complexer and complexer, said Alice…......................................................................... 195
20.1 Corps anew.......................................................................................................................... 195
20.2 A topography of complexes................................................................................................. 198
20.2.1 Circumscribing clusters ............................................................................................... 198
20.2.2 Positioning plants ........................................................................................................ 202
20.3 Metropolitan complexes ...................................................................................................... 204
20.3.1 Statistical material ....................................................................................................... 204
20.3.2 Complex analysis......................................................................................................... 207
20.4 Chapter conclusions ............................................................................................................ 208
Chapter 21 General conclusions about spatial econometrics ............................................................. 209
21.1 Complexity .......................................................................................................................... 209
21.2 Parameter relativity ............................................................................................................. 210
Epilogue ......................................................................................................................................... 212
References ......................................................................................................................................... 213
Subject index....................................................................................................................................... 224
Authors’ index..................................................................................................................................... 230
