Biomechanics of Hard Tissues: Modeling, Testing, and Materials (Hardcover)

1 BONE AND CARTILAGE, ITS STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Introduction: Growth Conditions, Matter Geometry and Packing, Collagen, Mechanical and Electrochemical Behavior of Porous Matter and Tissues
Cartilage Matrix and Types
Cartilage Growth and Development: Fetal Development, Mineralization, Growth and Repair, Diseases
Regulation of Cartilage Activity and Streaming Potentials in Cartilage
Bones as Organs and Tissues: Functions and Types of Bones
Structure of Bone: Compact and Trabecular Tissues, Osteons and Cells, Inorganic and Organic Matrix Parts
Marrow, Endosteum and Periosteum, Nerves, Blood Vessels and Cartilage
Remodeling and its Purposes
Bone as a Composite and its Mechanics
Bone as a Capillary Porous System
Diseases of Bone
Bioengineering: Growing Artificial Cartilage and Bone

2 CONSTITUTIVE MODELLING OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF TRABECULAR BONE: CONTINUUM MECHANICAL APPROACHES
Introduction
Continuum Mechanics
Experimental Testing and Material Properties
Structure and Idealization
Modelling of Mechanical Behavior

3 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BONE REMODELING PROCESS CONSIDERING INTERFACE TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION IN TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENTS
Introduction
Bone Remodeling and Interface Models
Bone Remodeling Based on Optimality Conditions
Interface Behavior and Adaptation
Formulation for Simultaneous Bone Remodeling and Interface Adaptation
Finite Element Models and Algorithm
Numerical Results
Discussion and Concluding Remarks

4 BONE AS A COMPOSITE MATERIAL: NATURAL BONE AND BIOMIMETICS
Introduction
Phases and Volume Fractions
Individual Phase Mechanical Properties
Introduction to Composite Mechanics
Bone as a Composite: Macro-scale
Bone as a Composite: Micro-scale
Anisotropy
Implications
Conclusions

5 MECHANOBIOLOGICAL MODELS FOR BONE TISSUE. APPLICATIONS TO IMPLANT DESIGN
Introduction
Biological and Mechanobiological Factors in Bone Remodelling and Bone Fracture Healing
Phenomenological Models of Bone Remodeling
Mechanistic Models of Bone Remodeling
Examples of Application of Bone Remodeling Models to Implant Design
Models of Tissue Differentiation. Application to Bone Fracture Healing
Mechanistic Models of Bone Fracture Healing
Modelling the Influence of Some Mechanical Factors in the Course of Bone Fracture Healing
Concluding Remarks
References

6 BIOMECHANICAL TESTS FOR ORTHOPAEDIC IMPLANTS;
TRIBOLOGICAL ISSUES & SIMULATION CONDITIONS
Tribological Testing for Orthopaedic Implants: Kinematic and Lubricating Condition, Oxygen Concentration
Experimental Analysis for Orthopaedic Implants
Finite Element Method Analysis for Orthopaedic Implants

7 SCAFFOLD-BASED BONE REGENERATION
Tissue Scaffolds and Their Role in Tissue Regeneration
Regenerative Properties of the Body: Processes in Bone Regeneration, Limitations
Design Considerations for a Tissue Scaffold: Materials, Architecture, Vascularization, Heterogeneous Approaches
Design Methodologies: Outer Geometry, Statistics-, Voroni- and Unit-Cell-Based Design
Scaffold Fabrication: Freeze-Drying, Salt Leaching, 3D Fabrication
Scaffold Behavior During Regeneration

8 MECHANICAL AND MAGNETIC STIMULATION ON CELLS FOR BONE REGENERATION
Introduction
Effects of Stimulation on Cells
Mechanical Stimulations on Cells
Magnetic Stimulations
Other Stimulations and Future Developments
Conclusion

9 JOINT REPLACEMENT IMPLANTS
Introduction
Design of Joint Replacement Implants: Regulations, Requirements, Concept and Detail Design, Preclinical and Clinical Testing
Joint Replacement Implants for Weight-bearing Joints: Hip, Knee, Ankle;
Materials and Fixation Methods
Joint Replacement Implants for Joints of the Hand: Fingers, Wrist;
Materials and Fixation Methods

10 INTERSTITIAL FLUID MOVEMENT IN CORTICAL BONE TISSUE
Introduction
Bone Interfaces, Porosities and Fluids
The Vascular Structures of Bone
The Vascular Porosity
The Lacunar Canalicular Porosity
The Poroelastic Model for Cortical Bone
Electrokinetic Effects in Bone
Interchange of Interstitial Fluid between the Vascular and Lacunar Canalicular Porosities

11 BONE IMPLANT DESIGN USING OPTIMIZATION METHODS
Introduction
Optimization