Nanobeam X-Ray Scattering: Probing Matter at the Nanoscale (Hardcover)

INTRODUCTION
X-RAY DIFFRACTION PRINCIPLES
-Introduction
-Beam Coherence
-Specific Properties of Different Sources: Laboratory vs
Synchrotron vs FEL
FOCUSING OF X-RAYS
-Beam Propagation and Modeling
-Focusing Principles Available for the Hard X-Ray Regime
-Clasic Microfocusing Devices
-Practical Issues
SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS USING NANOBEAMS
-From the Ensemble Average Approach Towards the Single
Nanostructure Study
-Diffraction from Single Nanostructures
-Scanning X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy
-Other Types of Contrast
-Local X-Ray Probe Experiments from Organic Samples
-Local X-Ray Probe Experiments from Biological Samples
NANOBEAM DIFFRACTION SETUPS
-Beam Positioning on the Nanoscale
-Stability Issues: Maintaining the Spot on the Sample
During Scanning Angles, Vibrations
-Active Systems to Maintain the Beam Position on the
Sample Constant
-Restriction of Different Setups
-Detector Issues: Resolution in Real and Reciprocal
Space, Dynamic Range, Time Resolution
SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES USING FOCUSED BEAMS
-Micro/Nano-EXAFS, XANES. Fluorescence
-A Side Glance on Soft X-Ray Applications
COHERENT DIFFRACTION
-More on Coherence Properties of Focused X-Ray Beams
-The Use of Phase Retrieval Instead of Modeling
Approaches
-Different Retrieval Algorithms
-Shape Determination of Single Structures (Retrieving
the Modulus of Electron Density)
-Strain Determination (Retrieving the Phase of Electron
Density)
-Fresnel Coherent Diffractive Imaging
-Holographic Approaches (Using a Reference Wave Instead
of Numerical Phase Retrieval)
-Ptychography (For Extended Objects with Nanoscale
Structure)
-Particular Advantages and Problems when Using Coherent
Diffraction Imaging in the Bragg Case
THE POTENTIAL AND THE LIMITS OF THE METHOD
-Limits in Beam Size
-Limits in Intensity/Brilliance
-Resolution Limits in Real and Reciprocal Space
-Combinations with Other Local Probe Techniques
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
-Detector Developments
-Beamlines at Third Generation Synchrotron Sources
-The Role of Free Electron Lasers