PROLOG: The Standard: Reference Manual (Paperback, Softcover Repri)

1. Introduction.- 2. Prolog Data Structures.- 2.1 Terms.- 2.1.1 Definition.- 2.1.2 Order of the terms: the relation term-precedes.- 2.1.3 Operator notation.- 2.2 Some particular terms.- 2.2.1 Predicate indicator.- 2.2.2 List and derived terms.- 2.2.3 Clause, body and goal.- 3. Prolog Unification.- 3.1 Substitutions.- 3.2 Unifiers.- 3.2.1 Definitions.- 3.2.2 Computing a unifier.- 3.3 The definition of the unification in Standard Prolog.- 3.3.1 A first definition.- 3.3.2 The occurs-check problem.- 3.3.3 Subject to occurs-check and not subject to occurs-check.- 3.3.4 Normal unification in Standard Prolog.- 4. Prolog Execution Model.- 4.1 Database and environment.- 4.1.1 The database.- 4.1.2 Sources and sinks.- 4.1.3 Flags.- 4.1.4 Operator and character conversion tables.- 4.2 The execution model for definite Prolog.- 4.2.1 The general resolution algorithm.- 4.2.2 The Prolog computation rule.- 4.2.3 The Prolog search-tree.- 4.2.4 A Prolog search-tree example.- 4.2.5 The execution model of definite Prolog: search-tree visit and construction algorithm.- 4.2.6 Backtracking.- 4.2.7 An analogy with the box trace model.- 4.3 The execution model for Standard Prolog.- 4.3.1 The chosen predication corresponds to an existing user-defined procedure.- 4.3.2 The chosen predication does not correspond to any existing procedure.- 4.3.3 The chosen predication is a built-in predicate.- 4.4 Additional error situations.- 4.4.1 System error.- 4.4.2 Resource error.- 4.5 The side-effects of cut.- 5. The Built-in Predicates.- 5.1 Presentation.- 5.2 Templates.- 5.2.1 Mode of an argument.- 5.2.2 Type information.- 5.3 The built-in predicates.- 6. Prolog Arithmetic.- 6.1 Arithmetic expressions.- 6.1.1 Arithmetic terms.- 6.1.2 Numbers.- 6.2 Expression evaluation.- 6.2.1 Value of an expression.- 6.2.2 Arithmetic comparison operator definitions.- 6.2.3 Arithmetic functors definitions.- 6.2.4 Profile of the basic arithmetic operations.- 6.2.5 Arithmetic functors defined in Standard Prolog.- 7. Prolog Environment: Sources and Sinks.- 7.1 Overview.- 7.2 Streams in Standard Prolog.- 7.2.1 Text streams.- 7.2.2 Binary streams.- 7.3 Properties of the streams.- 7.3.1 I/O modes.- 7.3.2 Options at stream creation.- 7.3.3 Options at stream closure.- 7.3.4 Current stream properties.- 7.4 Inputting and outputting terms.- 7.4.1 Read-options list.- 7.4.2 Write-options list.- 7.4.3 Writing a term.- 8. Prolog Flags and Directives.- 8.1 Unchangeable flags.- 8.2 Changeable flags.- 8.3 Directives for initialising flags and tables.- 8.4 Directives for preparation of Prolog texts and goals.- 9. Prolog Syntax.- 9.1 Character sets and character conversion table.- 9.1.1 The Prolog character set and other character sets.- 9.1.2 The character conversion table.- 9.1.3 Character code.- 9.2 Expression and operator table.- 9.2.1 The operator table.- 9.2.2 The predefined operator table.- 9.2.3 Parsing an expression.- 9.2.4 Valid operator table.- 9.3 Presentation of the syntax.- 9.4 Syntax of Prolog text.- 9.4.1 Syntax of directive.- 9.4.2 Syntax of clause.- 9.5 Syntax of read-term.- 9.5.1 Term definition.- 9.5.2 Procedures used in the DCG.- 9.6 Syntax errors.- 10. Writing Portable Programs.- 10.1 Unification.- 10.1.1 A first solution.- 10.1.2 Introduction of unification with occurs-check.- 10.1.3 What to do with the built-in predicates.- 10.2 The database update view.- 10.2.1 The database update view in the execution model for a subset of Standard Prolog.- 10.2.2 The logical database update view.- 10.2.3 The database update view in Standard Prolog.- 10.2.4 A simple view.- 11. Annexes.- 11.1 Compliance.- 11.1.1 Prolog processor.- 11.1.2 Prolog text.- 11.1.3 Prolog goal.- 11.1.4 Documentation.- 11.1.5 Extensions.- 11.2 The ftp package.- 11.2.1 The package.- 11.2.2 How to run the executable specification.- 11.2.3 Examples of uses.- 11.3 Elements of lexical analysis.- 11.4 ASCII table.- 11.5 Glossary of auxiliary concepts.- Thematic classification of the built-in predicates.