2018 신재생에너지 발전설비기능사 태양광 필기

제 1 장 신⋅재생에너지의 개요

1. 신⋅재생에너지의 정의 및 종류 ········· 12
1-1 신에너지 ········································· 12
1-2 재생에너지 ····································· 12

2. 신⋅재생에너지의 원리 및 특징 ········ 13
2-1 태양광발전 ····································· 13
2-2 태양열발전 ····································· 13
2-3 풍력발전 ········································ 15
2-4 수력발전 ········································ 18
2-5 지열발전 ········································ 19
2-6 해양에너지 ···································· 20
2-7 바이오에너지 ································ 22
2-8 수소에너지 ···································· 22
2-9 석탄액화⋅가스화 및 중질잔사유가스화 에너지 ································ 23
2-10 연료전지 ······································ 24
2-11 폐기물에너지 ······························· 25


제 2 장 태양광발전 시스템 개요

1. 태양광발전 시스템의 정의 및 종류 ··· 32
1-1 태양광발전(PV) 시스템의 정의 ···· 32
1-2 태양광발전 시스템의 분류 ··········· 33
1-3 태양광발전 시스템의 특징 ··········· 35

2. 태양전지(solar cell) ··························· 36
2-1 태양전지에 의한 발전 원리 및 기본 구조 ······································· 36
2-2 태양전지의 특성 변수 ·················· 37
2-3 태양전지의 분류 ··························· 43
2-4 태양전지의 특징 ··························· 44

3. 태양광발전 시스템의 구성 요소 ········ 48
3-1 태양전지 셀(cell) ·························· 48
3-2 태양전지 모듈(module) ··············· 49
3-3 태양전지 어레이(array) ··············· 50
3-4 파워컨디셔너 시스템 ···················· 51
3-5 전력저장장치 ································ 52


제 3 장 태양광 모듈 (module)

1. 태양광 모듈의 개요 ····························· 63
1-1 태양전지 모듈의 출력특성 ··········· 63
1-2 태양광 모듈의 구분 ······················ 65
1-3 태양광 모듈의 구성 및 구조 ······· 68
1-4 태양전지 모듈 조립 공정 및 단면구조 ················································· 70

2. 태양광 모듈의 설치 형식 ···················· 71
2-1 건축물에 설치하는 태양전지 ······· 71
2-2 건물 일체형 태양광발전(BIPV) ··· 74
2-3 태양전지 모듈의 직⋅병렬연결 수 산출 ················································· 76


제 4 장 파워컨디셔너 (PCS)

1. 파워컨디셔너(power conditioner)의 개요 ························································· 81
1-1 정의 및 역할 ·································· 81
1-2 파워컨디셔너(PCS)의 주요 구성 요소 ················································ 81
1-3 파워컨디셔너(PCS)의 회로 방식(절연 방식에 따른) ························ 82
1-4 파워컨디셔너(PCS)의 종류 ·········· 84
1-5 인버터(inverter)의 동작 원리 ····· 87
1-6 파워컨디셔너 시스템 구성방식에 따른 분류 및 특징 ························· 89

2. 파워컨디셔너의 기능 ·························· 90
2-1 자동운전 및 정지기능 ·················· 90
2-2 최대전력 추종 제어기능 ·············· 90
2-3 단독운전 방지기능 ······················· 90
2-4 자동전압 조정기능 ······················· 92
2-5 직류 검출기능 ······························· 93
2-6 직류지락 검출기능 ······················· 93

3. 계통연계 보호장치 및 파워컨디셔너의 시험 항목 ·············································· 94
3-1 계통연계 보호장치 ························ 94
3-2 태양광발전용 파워컨디셔너의 시험 항목(계통연계형의 경우) ·················· 95

4. 파워컨디셔너의 선정 및 사용상의 고려 사항 ·························································· 96
4-1 체크리스트 및 확인 사항 ············ 96


제 5 장 관련 기기 및 부품

1. 바이패스소자와 역류방지소자 ··········· 101
1-1 바이패스(bypass)소자 ················· 101
1-2 역류방지소자(block diode) ········ 103

2. 접속함 ················································· 104
2-1 일반 사항 ····································· 104
2-2 접속함 내부에 설치된 기기 및 부품 ················································ 104
2-3 어레이(array) 측 개폐기(입력용 DC 개폐기) ····················· 105
2-4 주 개폐기(출력용 차단기) ········· 105
2-5 피뢰소자 ······································ 105
2-6 단자대 ·········································· 106
2-7 신호변환기(T/D ; transducer) · 106
2-8 접속함 선정 시 고려 사항 ········· 107

3. 교류 측 기기 ····································· 108
3-1 분전반 ·········································· 108
3-2 적산전력량계(watt-hour meter) 108

4. 축전지(battery ; storage battery) 109
4-1 일반 사항 ····································· 109
4-2 태양광발전 계통연계 시스템용 축전지 ············································ 110
4-3 태양광발전 독립형 전원시스템용 축전지 ············································· 111

5. 낙뢰(lightning strike) 대책 ·············· 112
5-1 낙뢰의 개요 ································· 112
5-2 낙뢰로 인한 피해 및 침입 경로 113
5-3 태양광발전설비를 보호하기 위한 피뢰설비 및 뇌 서지 대책 ·········· 114
5-4 피뢰 대책용 소자 ························ 115
5-5 외부 피뢰설비와 내부 피뢰설비 116
5-6 피뢰설비의 유지보수 및 검사 ···· 117


제 6 장 태양광발전 시스템 시공

1. 시스템의 시공 준비 ··························· 125
1-1 시스템의 시공 절차 ···················· 125
1-2 시스템 관련 기기 반입검사 ······· 127
1-3 태양광발전설비의 안전작업 및 안전대책 ······································· 128

2. 시스템의 구조물 시공 ······················· 129
2-1 시스템의 구조물 시공기준 ········· 129
2-2 발전 형태별 구조물 시공 ··········· 131
2-3 태양전지 모듈(module)의 설치 · 133
2-4 인버터의 설치 ····························· 134
2-5 접속함 설치공사 ························· 135

3. 시스템의 배관 및 배선공사 ············· 136
3-1 케이블 선정 및 접속 ·················· 136
3-2 커넥터(접속 배선함) ··················· 138
3-3 태양전지 모듈의 배선 ················ 139
3-4 태양전지 모듈과 인버터 간 배선 ················································ 140
3-5 인버터와 배전반 간 배선 ·········· 143
3-6 전압강하 ······································ 143
3-7 모듈 및 어레이 설치 후 확인⋅점검사항 ········································ 144

4. 시스템의 접지공사 ···························· 145
4-1 접지공사의 개요 ·························· 145
4-2 접지공사의 종류 ························· 146
4-3 접지선의 굵기 및 표시 ·············· 148
4-4 제1종, 제3종 및 특별 제3종 접지 공사의 시설 방법 ························ 148
4-5 금속관 등의 접지공사 ················ 149
4-6 접지극 ·········································· 151
4-7 사람이 접촉할 우려가 있는 장소의 접지선 설치 ·································· 151
4-8 접지저항 측정 ····························· 152


제 7 장 태양광발전 시스템 운영
1. 시스템의 운영계획 및 사업 개시 ····· 165
1-1 일별, 월별, 연간 운영계획 수립 시 고려 요소 ······································ 165
1-2 전기허가증 발급 방법 ················ 167

2. 태양광발전 시스템의 운전 ················ 177
2-1 발전시스템 운영체계 및 운영 매뉴얼 ············································ 177
2-2 발전시스템 운전조작 방법 ········· 178
2-3 발전시스템의 분류 ······················ 178
2-4 태양광발전 시스템 운영 점검사항 ·················································· 181

3. 태양광발전 시스템 계측 ··················· 183
3-1 계측기구⋅표시장치의 구성 요소 및 취급 ·········································· 183
3-2 태양광발전 모니터링 시스템 ····· 185


제 8 장 태양광발전 시스템 품질관리

1. 성능 평가(performance evaluation) 195
1-1 시스템 성능 평가의 개념 및 분류 ················································ 195
1-2 태양광발전 시스템 성능 분석 용어⋅산출 방법 ·························· 196

2. 품질관리 판정 기준 ·························· 198
2-1 태양전지 셀의 시험 항목 및 판정기준(태양전지 기술 기준) ··········· 198
2-2 결정질 모듈(성능)의 시험 항목 및 판정 기준 ······································ 199
2-3 소형 태양광발전용 인버터의 시험항목 및 판정 기준 ······················· 201
2-4 태양광발전용 접속함의 시험 항목 및 판정 기준 ································ 208

3. 한국산업표준(KS), 국제표준화기구(ISO) 제도 ··················································· 210
3-1 표준화의 개요 ····························· 210
3-2 한국산업표준 ······························· 211
3-3 국제표준화기구(ISO) ·················· 213
3-4 국제전기기술위원회(IEC) ··········· 214


제 9 장 태양광발전설비 유지보수

1. 유지보수 개요 ···································· 224
1-1 유지보수 용어의 정의 ················ 224
1-2 설비의 유지보수 절차 ················ 225
1-3 태양광발전설비의 유지보수 점검작업 ··············································· 226
1-4 전력 시설물 유지관리 지침 ······· 227
1-5 유지관리의 일반 사항 ················ 228

2. 유지보수 세부 내용 ·························· 229
2-1 태양광발전 시스템의 보수점검 · 229
2-2 전력 시설물 보수점검(전력 시설물 유지관리 지침서) ························· 234
2-3 태양광발전 시스템의 고장 원인 248
2-4 태양광발전 시스템의 문제 진단 249

3. 태양광발전 시스템의 검사 지침 ······ 258
3-1 사용 전 검사 일반 ······················ 258
3-2 자가용 발전설비 사용 전 검사 항목 및 세부검사 내용 ······························ 259
3-3 자가용 발전설비 정기검사 항목 및 세부검사 내용 ······························ 262
3-4 사업용 발전설비 사용 전 검사 항목 및 세부검사 내용 ························ 263
3-5 사업용 발전설비 정기검사 항목 및 세부검사 내용 ······························ 267
3-6 기타 검사 ···································· 269


제 10 장 태양광발전 시스템 안전관리

1. 위험요소 및 위험관리 방법 ·············· 278
1-1 안전관리의 개요 ·························· 278
1-2 전기의 위험성과 전기재해 ········ 280
1-3 감전사고의 방지 대책 ················ 282
1-4 감전사고의 응급조치 ·················· 282
1-5 전기설비의 안전점검 ·················· 283

2. 전기작업의 안전 ································ 285
2-1 정전 및 활선작업 등에 관한 기술 지침 일반 ········································ 285

3. 안전관리 장비 ··································· 290
3-1 안전장비의 분류 ························· 290
3-2 안전장비의 종류 및 특성 ·········· 291


제 11 장 신⋅재생에너지 관련법

1. 신⋅재생에너지 개발⋅이용⋅보급 촉진법················································· 304
2. 신⋅재생에너지 개발⋅이용⋅보급 촉진법의 시행령 ································· 318
3. 신⋅재생에너지 개발⋅이용⋅보급 촉진법의 시행규칙 ····························· 329


제 12 장 전기설비기술기준 및 판단기준

1. 전기설비기술기준 ······························· 351
제1장 총칙 ··········································· 351
제2장 전기공급설비 및 전기사용설비 353

2. 전기설비기술기준의 판단기준 ········· 356
제1장 총칙 ··········································· 356
제2장 발전소 ․ 변전소 ․ 개폐소의 시설 374
제3장 전선로 ······································· 377
제4장 전력보안 통신설비 ·················· 397
제5장 전기 사용 장소의 시설 ··········· 398
제6장 지능형 전력망 ·························· 419


부록 기출문제 및 해설

￭ 2013년도 출제문제 ·························· 454
￭ 2014년도 출제문제 ·························· 467
￭ 2015년도 (1회차) 출제문제 ············· 480
￭ 2015년도 (2회차) 출제문제 ············· 492
￭ 2016년도 (1회차) 출제문제 ·············· 507