Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, Volume 8: Brain Cancer (Hardcover)

1. The World Health Organization Classification of the Central Nervous System Tumors: an Update Using Imaging; Shiori Amemiya Introduction Astrocytic Tumors Pilomyxoid astrocytoma Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor Extraventricular Neurocytoma Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor of the Fourth Ventricle Other Neuroepithelial Tumors Angiocentric Glioma Tumors of the Pineal Region Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region Embryonal Tumors Medulloblastoma with Extensive Nodularity Anaplastic Medulloblastoma References 2. Brain Tumor Imaging: European Association of Nuclear Medicine Procedure Guidelines; Thierry Vander Borght, Susanne Asenbaum, Peter Bartenstein, Christer Halldin, Ozlem Kapucu, Koen Van Laere, Andrea Varrone, and Klaus Tatsch Introduction Background Information and Definitions Common Indications Indications Detection of Viable Tumor Tissue Tumor Delineation Selecting the Best Biopsy Site Noninvasive Tumor Grading Therapy Planning Tumor Response Contraindications (relative) Procedure Patient Preparation Prearrival Preinjection Information Pertinent to Performance of the Procedure Precautions and Conscious Sedation Radiopharmaceutical Radiopharmaceutical Recommended Dosage Radiation Dosimetry Radiation Dosimetry of Brain Transmission Scans Data Acquisition Time Delay from Injection to Beginning of Data Acquisition Set-up for Data Acquisition Image Processing PET Reconstruction SPECT Reconstruction Reformatting of PET and SPECT Images Comparative Evaluation Interpretation Criteria Visual Interpretation Quantification Reporting General Body of the Report Interpretation and Conclusion Issues Requiring Further Clarification References 3. Assessment of Heterogeneity in Malignant Brain Tumors; Timothy E. Van Meter, Gary Tye, Catherine Dumur, and William C. Broaddus Introduction The problem of Heterogeneity and Its Clinical Significance Previous Studies Assessing Molecular Heterogeneity of Tumors Use of Stereotactic Neuroimaging Systems for Tumor Sampling Methodology Description of Method MRI-Guided Stereotactic Biopsy Integrated Histopathological Scoring Use of Genomics Technologies for Regional Molecular Profiling Results Histopathological Considerations Assessing Quality of Biopsy Extracts Genomic Assessment of Regional Tumor Phenotype Validation Studies Discussion Utility of Stereotactic Biopsy for Tumor Characterization Future Technical Applications Clinical Impact of Improved Tumor Characterization References 4. Diagnosing and Grading of Brain Tumors: Immunohistochemistry; Hidehiro Takei and Suzanne Z. Powell Introduction Immunohistochemical Markers for Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Brain Tumors Immunohistochemical Markers Routinely Used In Diagnostic Neuro-Oncology Practice New Immunohistochemical Markers Applicable to Brain Tumor Diagnosis Useful Immunohistochemical Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Brain Tumors Immunohistochemistry as a Useful Adjunct in Grading of Brain Tumors: Ki-67 and Phospho-Histon H3 Immunohistochemical and Analytical Methods References 5. Malignant Brain Tumors: Roles of Aquaporins; Jerome Badaut and Jean-Francois Brunet Introduction Aquaporin Expression in Normal Brain and its Function Aquaporin Distribution and its Potential Role Aquaporin Astrocyte Endfeet Marker in Brain Water Homeostasis Involvement of Aquaporin 9 Expression in Brain Energy Metabolism Aquaporin Distribution in Tumors: Role in Prognosis and Treatment Aquaporin in tumors: Water Homeostasis or Cell Migration? Aquaporin 4 in Tumors: Biomarker for Tumor Classification AQP9 in Brain Tumors: New Findings References 6. Brain Metastases: Gene Amplification Using Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis; Carmen Franco-Hernandez, Miguel Torres-Martin, Victor Martinez-Glez, Carolina Pena-Granero, Javier S. Castresana, Cacilda Casartelli and Juan A. Rey Introduction O