소방전기공학

01장 직류회로
1.1 물질의 전기적 성질 ···············································································2
1.2 전하: Q[C] ····························································································3
1.3 전류: I[A] ······························································································3
1.4 전위와 전압: V[V] ················································································4
1.5 옴의 법칙: 저항 R[Ω] ··········································································6
1.6 전력과 전력량: P[W], W[Wh] ·······························································7
1.7 줄의 법칙 ······························································································9
1.8 키르히호프의 법칙 ·················································································9
1.8.1 제1법칙: 전류법칙 / 10
1.8.2 제2법칙: 전압법칙 / 11
1.9 회로소자 ······························································································12
1.9.1 수동소자: 저항 / 12
1.9.2 능동소자: 전압원 / 19
1.9.3 능동소자: 전류원 / 21
1.10 전류의 화학 작용 ··············································································22
1.11 전지 ···································································································23
1.11.1 1차 전지 / 24
1.11.2 2차 전지 / 24
1.12 열전현상 ····························································································26
⊙ 단원요약 ································································································27
⊙ 연습문제 ································································································29
02장 정전용량과 자기회로
2.1 쿨롱의 법칙 ·······················································································38
2.2 전기장 ··································································································40
2.3 정전용량과 커패시터 ···········································································42
차 례 v
2.4 자하와 쿨롱의 법칙 ·············································································47
2.5 자기장 ··································································································47
2.6 전류에 의한 자기장 ·············································································49
2.7 암페어의 주회법칙 ···············································································50
2.7.1 무한 선전류에 의한 자계의 세기 / 51
2.7.2 토로이드에 의한 자계의 세기 / 52
2.7.3 무한장 솔레노이드에 의한 자계의 세기 / 53
2.7.4 원형코일에 의한 자계의 세기 / 54
2.8 자기회로 ······························································································55
2.9 전자력 ··································································································56
2.10 전자유도 ····························································································57
2.10.1 자속의 변화에 의한 전자유도 / 58
2.10.2 도체의 운동에 의한 전자유도 / 59
2.11 인덕턴스 ····························································································60
⊙ 단원요약 ································································································65
⊙ 연습문제 ································································································67
03장 교류 회로
3.1 정현파 교류 ·························································································72
3.2 교류 표시법 ·························································································76
3.2.1 교류의 크기 / 76
3.2.2 벡터 표시법 / 78
3.2.3 복소수의 표현 / 79
3.2.4 복소수의 연산 / 81
3.2.5 드무아브르의 정리 / 84
3.2.6 정현파의 페이서 표시 / 84
3.3 기본 교류 회로이고 ·············································································86
3.3.1 저항 회로 / 86
3.3.2 유도 회로(인덕턴스 회로) / 86
3.3.3 용량 회로(커패시턴스 회로) / 88
3.4 R, L, C 직렬 회로 ··············································································90
3.4.1 R-L 직렬 회로 / 90
3.4.2 R-C 직렬 회로 / 93
3.4.3 R-L-C 직렬 회로 / 94
3.5 R, L, C 병렬 회로 ··············································································97
vi 차 례
3.6 회로 소자에서의 전력과 전력량 ··························································99
3.6.1 저항에서의 전력과 전력량 / 99
3.6.2 인덕턴스에서의 전력과 전력량 / 100
3.6.3 커패시터에서의 전력과 전력량 / 101
3.7 일반 회로에서의 전력과 역률 ···························································102
3.8 유효전력, 무효전력, 피상전력 ···························································103
3.9 3상 교류 ····························································································106
3.10 3상 교류회로의 결선과 전압·전류 ················································107
3.10.1 Y 결선 / 107
3.10.2 결선 / 108
3.10.3 결선 / 110
3.11 3상 전력 ··························································································111
3.12 비정현파 교류 ·················································································112
3.12.1 푸리에 급수 전개 / 112
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································114
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································116
04장 직류기
4.1 직류 전동기의 원리 ···········································································122
4.2 직류 전동기의 구조 ···········································································124
4.3 직류 전동기의 이론 ···········································································125
4.3.1 역기전력 / 125
4.3.2 전기자 전류 / 126
4.3.3 속도, 토크 및 출력 / 127
4.3.4 전기자 반작용 / 128
4.3.5 정류 / 129
4.4 직류 전동기의 종류와 특성 ·······························································130
4.4.1 직류 전동기의 종류 / 130
4.4.2 속도 특성 / 131
4.4.3 토크 특성 / 132
4.4.4 용도 / 133
4.5 직류 전동기의 운전 ···········································································133
4.5.1 기동 / 133
4.5.2 속도 제어 / 134
4.5.3 제동 / 135
차 례 vii
4.6 직류 전동기의 손실, 효율, 정격 ························································137
4.6.1 손실 / 137
4.6.2 효율 / 137
4.6.3 속도 변동률 / 138
4.6.4 정격 / 139
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································140
05장 변압기
5.1 변압기 원리와 구조 ···········································································142
5.1.1 변압기의 원리 / 142
5.1.2 실제 변압기 / 145
5.1.3 변압기의 구조 / 146
5.2 변압기의 특성 ···················································································147
5.2.1 정격 / 147
5.2.2 전압 변동률 / 147
5.2.3 손실 / 148
5.2.4 효율 / 149
5.2.5 변압기의 냉각 / 150
5.3 변압기의 결선 ···················································································151
5.3.1 변압기 권선의 방향과 극성 / 151
5.3.2 극성 시험 / 152
5.3.3 단상 변압기의 3상 결선 / 153
5.3.4 변압기 병렬 운전 / 156
5.4 특수 변압기 ·······················································································157
5.4.1 단권 변압기 / 157
5.4.2 누설 변압기 / 158
5.4.3 계기용 변성기 / 159
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································161
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································162
06장 교류 전동기
6.1 유도 전동기의 원리와 구조 ·······························································166
6.1.1 유도 전동기의 원리 / 166
6.1.2 회전 자기장 / 168
6.1.3 3상 유도 전동기의 구조 / 169
viii 차 례
6.2 유도 전동기 이론 ··············································································170
6.2.1 회전수와 슬립 / 170
6.2.2 유도 기전력과 주파수 / 171
6.2.3 등가 회로 전류 및 토크 / 171
6.2.4 손실과 효율 / 173
6.3 3상 유도 전동기의 기동 ···································································174
6.3.1 농형 전동기의 기동법 / 174
6.3.2 권선형 유도 전동기의 기동법 / 176
6.4 단상 유도 전동기 ··············································································176
6.4.1 단상 유도 전동기의 원리 / 176
6.4.2 단상 유도 전동기의 기동 / 177
6.5 동기 전동기 ·······················································································178
6.5.1 동기 전동기의 원리 / 178
6.5.2 동기 전동기 기동 방법 / 180
6.5.3 동기 전동기의 특징 / 180
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································181
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································182
07장 전력용 반도체소자
7.1 반도체 ································································································184
7.1.1 반도체의 성질과 종류 / 184
7.1.2 P-N 접합 반도체 / 185
7.2 다이오드 ····························································································186
7.2.1 다이오드의 성질 / 186
7.2.2 정류회로와 평활회로 / 188
7.3 사이리스터 ·························································································192
7.3.1 SCR / 192
7.3.2 GTO / 194
7.3.3 TRIAC / 195
7.4 전력용 트랜지스터 ·············································································195
7.5 전력용 MOSFET ················································································196
7.6 전력용 IGBT ······················································································197
7.7 전력 변환 ··························································································198
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································199
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································200
차 례 ix
08장 측 정
8.1 측정의 종류 ·······················································································204
8.2 오차와 정도 ·······················································································205
8.3 지시계기의 구성 요소 ·······································································206
8.3.1 구동 장치 / 206
8.3.2 제어 장치 / 207
8.3.3 제동 장치 / 207
8.3.4 가동부 지지 장치 / 207
8.3.5 지침과 눈금 / 207
8.4 지시계기의 종류 ················································································208
8.4.1 가동 코일형 계기 / 209
8.4.2 가동 철편형 계기 / 209
8.4.3 전류력계형 계기 / 209
8.4.4 유도형 계기 / 210
8.4.5 정전형 계기 / 210
8.4.6 열전형 계기 / 211
8.4.7 정류형 계기 / 211
8.5 전압 측정 ··························································································212
8.6 전류 측정 ··························································································214
8.7 저항 측정 ··························································································215
8.7.1 절연저항 측정 / 215
8.7.2 접지 저항 측정 / 216
8.8 회로 시험기 ·······················································································217
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································219
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································221
09장 자동 제어
9.1 제어 ···································································································226
9.2 자동제어의 분류 ················································································227
9.2.1 개루프 제어계 / 227
9.2.2 폐루프 제어계 / 228
9.3 폐루프 제어계 ···················································································229
9.3.1 폐루프 제어계의 구성 / 229
9.3.2 폐루프 제어계의 분류 / 230
x 차 례
9.3.3 제어 동작에 따른 제어계의 분류 / 232
9.4 전달함수 ····························································································237
9.5 블록선도 ····························································································237
9.5.1 블록선도의 구성요소 / 237
9.5.2 블록선도의 등가변환 / 238
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································242
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································243
10장 시퀸스 제어
10.1 시퀀스 제어의 목적 ·········································································248
10.2 시퀀스 제어의 제어요소 ··································································249
10.2.1 수동 조작 스위치 / 249
10.2.2 검출 스위치 / 250
10.2.3 전자 계전기 / 252
10.2.4 타이머 / 253
10.2.5 전자 접촉기 / 254
10.3 시퀀스 제어계의 기본 회로 ·····························································256
10.3.1 불 대수 / 256
10.3.2 불 대수의 기본법칙 / 262
10.3.3 논리 회로의 간략화 / 262
10.3.4 기본 논리회로의 응용 / 265
10.4 시퀀스도와 실체배선도 ····································································269
10.4.1 유접점 회로 / 269
10.4.2 무접점회로 / 271
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································277
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································278
11장 제어 응용
11.1 전동기 기동·정지 ···········································································284
11.2 3상 유도 전동기 정·역 제어 ·························································288
11.3 3상 유도 전동기 Y- 기동 ······························································291
11.4 자동양수 제어 ·················································································296
11.5 자동화재 탐지설비 ···········································································299
차 례 xi
12장 전기 설비
12.1 전력계통 ··························································································302
12.2 전기설비 ··························································································305
12.2.1 수변전설비 / 305
12.2.2 예비전원설비 / 307
12.2.3 전력간선 및 배선설비 / 311
12.2.4 동력설비 / 317
12.2.5 전기방재설비 / 318
12.2.6 기타 전기설비 / 318
12.3 소방전기설비 ···················································································319
12.3.1 자동화재탐지설비 / 322
12.3.2 비상경보설비 및 비상방송설비 / 322
12.3.3 유도등 / 323
12.3.4 비상조명등 / 323
12.3.5 비상콘센트 / 323
12.3.6 무선통신보조설비 / 324
12.3.7 케이블 연소방지 / 324
12.3.8 전기화재 아크·스파크 경보기 / 324
⊙ 단원요약 ······························································································325
⊙ 연습문제 ······························································································326
󰁮 부록 Ⅰ ·······························································································330
󰁮 부록 Ⅱ ·······························································································348
󰁮 연습문제 해답 ·····················································································355
󰁮 참고문헌 ·····························································································360
󰁮 찾아보기 ·····························································································361