물탱크 기술 입문

목차
제1장 물 저장 탱크 개요 ······································································ 1
1.1 기술 개요 ···················································································· 1
1.2 대형 물 저장탱크의 종류 및 특징 ············································ 1
1.2.1 설치 위치에 따른 구분 ························································ 1
1.2.2 재질에 따른 구분 ································································· 3
1.3 대형 물 저장탱크 설치 현황 ···················································· 10
1.3.1 건축 유형별 ········································································ 10
1.3.2 물 저장탱크 규모별 ···························································· 11
1.3.3 물탱크 재질별 ····································································· 12
1.4 기술의 발전 단계 ······································································ 13
1.4.1 일체형 대형 물 저장탱크의 개발 ······································ 13
1.4.2 조립식 대형 물 저장탱크의 개발 ······································ 14
1.4.3 한국의 기술 도입 ······························································· 15
1.4.4 대기업에서 중소기업으로 기술 이전 ································· 16
1.5 산업의 중요성 ··········································································· 16
1.6 국내 여건 및 물 저장탱크 기업 실태 ····································· 18

제2장 시장동향 및 주요국 전망 ························································· 19
2.1 물 관련 산업 전체 현황 ························································· 19
2.1.1 세계 물 시장 및 전망 ························································ 19
2.1.2 국가별 물산업 추진 현황 ··················································· 20
2.2 국내?외 시장 규모 및 전망 ··················································· 20
2.2.1 국내 시장규모 ····································································· 20
2.2.2 국외 시장규모 ····································································· 21
2.3 국가별 해외시장 동향 ······························································· 22
2.3.1 베트남 ·················································································· 22
2.3.2 인도네시아 ·········································································· 30
2.3.3 싱가포르 ·············································································· 34
2.3.4 러시아 ·················································································· 37
2.3.5 수단 ····················································································· 41
2.3.6 오만 ····················································································· 46
2.3.7 뉴질랜드 ·············································································· 50
2.4 국내?외 정책동향 ···································································· 56
2.4.1 국내 정책 동향 ··································································· 56
2.4.2 국외 기업 동향 ··································································· 59
2.4.3 주요국 정책의 시사점 ························································ 61

제3장 기술동향 ···················································································· 63
3.1 기술 세부 분석 ········································································· 63
3.1.1 개요 ····················································································· 63
3.1.2 대형 물 저장탱크 용량 축소 현황 ···································· 63
3.1.3 각종 단수사례 및 재해유형 분석 ······································ 70
3.1.4 지진 대응 연구개발 현황 ··················································· 85
3.2 관련기업 분석 ··········································································· 91
3.2.1. 설문조사의 개요 ································································ 91
3.2.2 설문조사 결과 분석 ···························································· 93
3.2.3 기타 의견 사항 ································································· 104
3.2.4 국내?외 주요기업 및 중요기술 ······································ 105

제4장 지진 및 내진설계 ···································································· 114
4.1 일반사항 ··················································································· 114
4.1.1 지진과 화재 ······································································· 114
4.1.2 지진과 발화의 원인 ·························································· 117
4.2 지진에 의한 물탱크 시설의 피해 ··········································· 119
4.2.1 캘리포니아 로마프리에타(Loma Prieta) 지진 ················· 119
4.2.2 니가타현 나카고에(新潟?中越) 지진 ····························· 122
4.3 국내외 내진기준 체계 ····························································· 128
4.3.1 일반 현황 ·········································································· 128
4.3.2 미국의 소방시설 관련 내진기준 체계 ····························· 128
4.3.3 일본의 소방시설 관련 내진기준 체계 ····························· 129
4.3.4 한국의 소방시설 관련 내진기준 체계 ····························· 130

제5장 내진기준 및 설계사례 분석 ···················································· 131
5.1 일반사항 ··················································································· 131
5.2 물 저장시설의 내진해석 및 설계 일반 ································· 133
5.2.1 내진해석 개요 ··································································· 133
5.2.2 설계 지진입력 운동 ·························································· 135
5.2.3 내진해석 모델링 기법 ······················································ 137
5.2.4 내진해석 방법 및 해석결과의 활용 ································ 142
5.2.5 검증시험 또는 조치에 의한 방법 ···································· 158
5.3 내진설계 및 적용 ·································································· 162
5.3.1 일반사항 ············································································ 162
5.3.2 물탱크의 내진설계 기준 ··················································· 162
5.3.3 사각형 물탱크의 내진설계 예 ·········································· 168
5.4 물탱크에 작용하는 수압 ························································· 176
5.4.1 슬로싱에 의해 측벽에 작용하는 수압 ····························· 176
5.4.2 측벽에 작용하는 전단하중 분담률 산정 ························· 179
5.4.3 슬로싱에 의한 천정면의 수압 분포 ································ 181

제6장 구조설계 기본사항 ·································································· 183
6.1 개요 ·························································································· 183
6.1.1 패널 조립식 물탱크의 구조 ············································· 183
6.1.2 물탱크 재료 ······································································· 184
6.1.3 패널 및 방파판 패널의 치수 ··········································· 185
6.1.4 보온재 ················································································ 186
6.1.5 마감재 ················································································ 186
6.1.6 볼트 ··················································································· 187
6.1.7 기초 채널 ·········································································· 187
6.1.8 사다리 ················································································ 187
6.1.9 통기구(Vent) ····································································· 188
6.1.10 배관 접속구 ····································································· 188
6.1.11 보강재 ·············································································· 188
6.1.12 입수구(Inlet) ···································································· 189
6.1.13 수위계 ·············································································· 189
6.1.14 방파판 버팀대 ································································· 189
6.1.15 물탱크 고정 ····································································· 189
6.2 구조설계 기준 ·········································································· 190
6.3 설계용 외력 ············································································· 191
6.4 지진하중 ············································································ 191
6.4.1 설치층에 의한 계수 ·················································· 192
6.4.2 물탱크의 가속도응답비 ··············································· 193
목차 v
6.4.3 용도계수 ····································································· 193
6.4.4 지역구역계수 ······························································· 194
6.4.5 1층 바닥에 작용하는 수평진도 ········································ 194
6.4.6 물탱크 설계용 수평진도 ··········································· 194
6.4.7 설계용 속도응답 스펙트럼 값 ·································· 195
6.5 가속도응답하중 ········································································ 196
6.5.1 수평하중 ············································································ 196
6.5.2 물탱크 내부에 작용하는 변동압력 ·································· 196
6.5.3 물탱크에 수용되는 물의 유효중량 ·································· 200
6.5.4 수평하중의 작용점 높이 ··················································· 203
6.5.5 연직하중 ············································································ 205
6.6 슬로싱 응답하중 ······································································ 205
6.6.1 1차 슬로싱 고유주기 ························································ 205
6.6.2 물탱크 천정판에 작용하는 변동수압 ······························· 206
6.6.3 물탱크 측벽, 중간 칸막이벽에 작용하는 변동수압 ········ 208
6.7 내용물 하중 ······································································· 210
6.8 적설하중 ············································································· 210
6.8.1 일반적 적설하중 ······························································· 210
6.8.2 표준설계용 적설하중 ························································ 213
6.9 적재하중 ················································································· 213
6.10 고정하중 ··············································································· 214
6.11 풍하중 ·················································································· 214
6.11.1 일반적 풍하중 ································································· 214
6.11.2 표준 설계용 풍하중 ························································ 221

제7장 물탱크의 구조계산법 ······························································· 222
7.1 일반사항 ··················································································· 222
7.1.1 물탱크 구조의 개요 ·························································· 222
7.1.2 구조의 모델화 ··································································· 225
7.1.3 제원기호의 설명 ······························································· 228
7.2 하중의 산정 ············································································· 229
7.2.1 가속도응답하중 ································································· 229
7.2.2 슬로싱 응답하중 ······························································· 230
7.2.3 기타 하중 ·········································································· 230
7.3 내부 보강방식의 응력, 변형 등의 산정 ································ 231
7.3.1 응력, 변형 등의 산정 ······················································· 231
7.3.2 좌굴값의 산정 ··································································· 245
7.3.3 부착부 국부응력의 산정식 ··············································· 247
7.4 외부보강방식의 응력, 변형 등의 산정 ·································· 250
7.4.1 응력, 변형 등의 산정식 ··················································· 250
7.4.2 부착부 등 국부응력의 산정식 ·········································· 256
7.5 슬로싱에 의한 응력의 산정식 ················································ 257
7.5.1 천정면의 응력 산정식 ······················································ 257
7.5.2 측벽 및 내부 칸막이벽의 응력의 산정식 ······················· 261
7.6 구조설계 예 ············································································· 262
7.6.1 구조개요 ············································································ 262
7.6.2 설치조건 ············································································ 262
7.6.3 설계용 외력 ······································································· 263
7.6.4 구조부재 제원 ··································································· 268
7.6.5 응력, 변형의 산정 ···························································· 269
7.6.6 좌굴값의 산정 ··································································· 284
7.6.7 부착부의 응력 산정 ·························································· 284

제8장 단위패널의 시험평가 ······························································· 287
8.1 단위패널의 내압시험 ······························································· 288
8.1.1 시험방법 ············································································ 288
8.1.2 측정항목 ············································································ 288
8.1.3 설계기준 ············································································ 290
8.2 단위패널의 전단시험 ······························································· 293
8.2.1 시험 방법 ·········································································· 293
8.2.2 측정 항목 ·········································································· 293
8.3 단위패널 4장 조합 시험 ························································· 295
8.3.1 시험 방식 ·········································································· 295
8.3.2 시험 방법 및 측정 항목 ·················································· 297
8.3.3 설계 기준 ·········································································· 297
8.4 패널 조립식 물탱크 완제품 검사 ··········································· 298
8.4.1 시험 및 검사 장소 ··························································· 298
8.4.2 재료 검사 ·········································································· 298
8.4.3 물 저장 실제 용량 검사 ·················································· 298
8.4.4 만수시 변형 검사 ····························································· 299
8.4.5 용접부의 겉모양 검사 ······················································ 300
8.4.6 만수검사4 ·········································································· 300
8.4.7 구조 검사 ·········································································· 301
8.4.8 수조 고정 안정성 ····························································· 301
8.4.9 용출 ··················································································· 301

제9장 물탱크 시공 ············································································· 302
9.1 시공 유의사항 ·········································································· 302
9.1.1 주요재료의 산업규격 ························································ 302
9.1.2 재료취급 ············································································ 302
9.1.3 작업 전 확인사항 ····························································· 302
9.1.4 용접 시 유의사항 ····························································· 302
9.1.5 기초 프레임 조립, 설치 ··················································· 303
9.1.6 바닥판 설치 ······································································· 304
9.1.7 측판 설치 ·········································································· 304
9.1.8 상판 설치 ·········································································· 304
9.1.9 내부 보강앵글(보강재) 설치 ············································ 305
9.1.10 수직보강재의 설치 ·························································· 305
9.1.11 연결 접속구 ····································································· 305
9.1.12 기타 부속자재 설치(사다리, 맨홀, 통기관) ·················· 306
9.1.13 보온 ················································································· 306
9.2 물탱크 시공 순서 및 방법 ····················································· 306
9.3 품질관리 ················································································· 311
9.3.1 선승인 후 작업 ···································································311
9.3.2 시험 및 검사항목 ····························································· 311
9.3.3 표면처리 및 도장 ····························································· 311
9.4 환경관리 ··················································································· 312
9.4.1 환경관리 우선 배정 ·························································· 312
9.4.2 환경관리 방안 ··································································· 312

참고문헌 ······························································································ 314