High Voltage Protection for Telecommunications (Hardcover)

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xiii

About the Author xv

1 Overview of High Voltage Protection for Telecommunications 1

Basic Purpose and Applications, 2

The HV Protection Challenge, 3

HV Isolation Standards, 7

2 Electric Power System Fundamentals 11

Power Terminology for Telecommunications, 12

Electric Power System Overview, 21

AC Voltage Generation, 23

Substation Equipment, 31

Transmission Lines, 44

Distribution Lines, 45

System Protection Equipment and Concepts, 47

3 Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and Zone of Influence 63

Introduction to Ground Potential Rise (GPR), 64

GPR, 65

GPR Locations, 66

Factors Affecting GPR, 71

Calculation of GPR, 86

ZOI, 88

Earth Resistivity, 91

GPR and ZOI Calculation Methods, 95

Lightning Faults, 107

Electromagnetic Induction under Fault Conditions, 109

Total Electrical Cable Stress, 118

The Role of Protection Engineers, 119

4 Critical Telecommunications Circuits in HV Environments 121

General, 122

Service Performance Objectives (SPOs), 122

North America Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) Standards, 125

Protective Relaying Schemes that Require Class A Circuits, 126

Power Applications that Require Class B Circuits, 131

Power Communication Service Types, 136

Smart Grid and Cyber Security, 139

5 High Voltage Protection Equipment 143

General, 144

Basic Shunt Protection, 144

Levels of Protection, 149

Special Consideration for Nearby Facilities, 166

6 Level III HV Protection Equipment, Installation, and Testing 167

General, 168

Level III Copper HVI Components, 169

Copper HVI System Design, 181

Copper HVI Installation Examples, 191

Copper HVI System Initial Testing, 195

Copper HVI Maintenance and Inspection, 197

Fiber HVI Systems Installation, 199

Fiber HVI Installation Examples, 202

Wireless Sites on Electrical Power Towers, 205

Protection at Non-Power Company Locations, 211

7 Personnel Safety Working with HV Protection Equipment 217

Electrical Safety, 218

Electrical Protection Priorities, 218

Touch and Step Potentials, 219

Glossary 227

Appendix: Service Request Form 231

Bibliography 235

Index 237