Elements of Electromigration : Electromigration in 3D IC technology (Paperback)

1. Introduction  2. Driving forces of electromigration  3. Kinetics of electromigration  4. Damage of electromigration  5. Irreversible processes  6. Effect of stress on electromigration  7. Effect of current crowding on electromigration  8. Effect of Joule heating on electromigration  9. Effect of Oxidation on Electromigration  10. Modified Mean-Time-to-Failure Equations