[eBook Code] High-Density Lipoproteins (eBook Code, 1st)

· 제목 : [eBook Code] High-Density Lipoproteins (eBook Code, 1st) (Structure, Metabolism, Function and Therapeutics)
· 분류 : 외국도서 > 과학/수학/생태 > 과학 > 생명과학 > 생화학
· ISBN : 9781118158661
· 쪽수 : 648쪽
· 출판일 : 2011-11-30

PREFACE xv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxi

ABBREVIATIONS xxxiii

SECTION 1 NORMAL FUNCTIONAL HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN 1

1 COMPOSITION 3

1.1 Proteome / 9

Apolipoproteins / 9

Apolipoprotein A-I / 9

ApoA-II / 9

ApoA-IV / 9

ApoA-V / 10

ApoC-I, ApoC-II, ApoC-III, ApoC-IV / 12

ApoD / 12

ApoE / 13

ApoF / 14

ApoH / 14

ApoJ / 14

ApoL-I / 15

ApoM / 15

Other Apolipoproteins / 15

Enzymes / 16

LCAT / 16

PON1 and PON3 / 16

PAF-AH (LpPLA2) / 17

GSPx-3 / 18

Lipid Transfer Proteins / 18

PLTP / 18

CETP / 19

Acute-Phase Response Proteins / 19

Serum Amyloid A / 19

Other Proteins / 20

Complement Components / 21

Proteinase Inhibitors and Related Proteins / 23

Other Protein Components / 25

1.2 Lipidome / 27

Phospholipids / 27

Steroids / 28

Cholesteryl Esters / 28

Triglycerides / 28

Minor Lipids / 28

2 HETEROGENEITY 39

2.1 Heterogeneity in Physicochemical Properties / 42

Heterogeneity in Density / 42

Heterogeneity in Electrophoretic Mobility / 43

Heterogeneity in Size / 45

2.2 Heterogeneity in Chemical Composition / 47

Heterogeneity in Proteins / 47

Heterogeneity in Lipids / 49

2.3 Relationships Between HDL Subfractions Separated by Different Methods / 50

3 STRUCTURE 59

3.1 Lipid-Free ApoA-I / 59

3.2 Discoid HDL / 62

3.3 Spherical HDL / 66

4 METABOLISM 74

4.1 Formation and Intravascular Remodeling / 74

ABC Transporters / 77

ABCA1 / 77

ABCG1 / 85

Enzymes / 86

LCAT / 86

Lipases / 88

Lipid Transfer Proteins / 90

CETP / 90

PLTP / 92

Receptors / 93

SR-BI / 93

4.2 Catabolism / 96

5 EPIDEMIOLOGY 113

5.1 Epidemiology of HDL-C / 113

HDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk / 113

Relevance Across Multiple Populations and Disease States / 116

HDL-C and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors / 120

Prevalence of Low HDL-C / 122

HDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients Receiving Statins / 123

HDL-C and Other Major Diseases / 125

5.2 Epidemiology of HDL-Associated Proteins and Enzymes / 126

ApoA-I / 126

Other Apolipoproteins / 129

SAA / 130

PON1 / 130

PAF-AH / 131

Other Enzymes / 133

Lipid Transfer Proteins / 133

5.3 Epidemiology of HDL Particle Subpopulations / 134

Separated by Density / 134

Separated by Electrophoretic Mobility / 135

Separated by Composition / 135

Separated by Size / 135

6 GENETICS 161

6.1 ABC Transporters and Other Receptors / 165

ABCA1 / 165

SR-BI / 167

LDL Receptor / 167

6.2 Apolipoproteins / 167

ApoA-I / 167

ApoA-V / 168

ApoC-III / 168

ApoE / 168

6.3 Enzymes / 169

LCAT / 169

PON1 / 169

LPL / 170

Hepatic Lipase / 171

Endothelial Lipase / 171

6.4 Lipid Transfer Proteins / 172

CETP / 172

6.5 Other Genes / 174

6.6 Gene Interactions / 176

7 BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES 192

7.1 Cholesterol Efflux Capacity / 197

Mechanisms of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux / 199

ABCA1-Mediated Efflux / 199

ABCG1-Mediated Efflux / 203

SR-BI-Mediated Efflux / 204

Other Pathways / 205

Role of HDL Components / 206

Proteins / 206

Lipids / 208

Functional Heterogeneity of HDL / 210

7.2 Antioxidative Activity / 213

Mechanisms of Protection Against Oxidative Stress / 216

Role of HDL Components / 219

Apolipoproteins / 219

Enzymes / 220

Lipids / 223

Functional Heterogeneity of HDL / 224

7.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity / 226

Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammatory Protection / 231

Role of HDL Components / 234

Proteome / 234

Lipidome / 235

Functional Heterogeneity of HDL / 236

7.4 Cytoprotective Activity / 236

Mechanisms of Cytoprotection / 238

Role of HDL Components / 241

Proteome / 241

Lipidome / 241

Functional Heterogeneity of HDL / 242

7.5 Anti-Infectious Activity / 243

Mechanisms of Protection from Infection / 245

Role of HDL Components / 246

Proteome / 246

Lipids / 248

Functional Heterogeneity of HDL / 248

7.6 Vasodilatory Activity / 249

Mechanisms of Vasodilatory Activity / 250

Role of HDL Components / 252

Proteins / 252

Lipids / 252

Functional Heterogeneity of HDL / 253

7.7 Antithrombotic Activity / 253

Mechanisms of Antithrombotic Effects / 256

Role of HDL Components / 257

Functional Heterogeneity of HDL / 258

7.8 Antidiabetic Activity / 259

SECTION 2 FUNCTIONALLY DEFECTIVE HDL 305

8 ALTERED COMPOSITION 307

8.1 Proteome / 307

8.2 Lipidome / 311

8.3 Enzymatic Activities / 313

9 ABNORMAL METABOLISM 329

9.1 Dyslipidemias / 329

9.2 Insulin-Resistant States / 337

9.3 Inflammatory States / 339

9.4 Infectious Diseases / 341

9.5 Cardiovascular Disease / 342

9.6 Post-Prandial State / 343

9.7 Smoking / 344

10 IMPAIRED BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES 360

10.1 Cholesterol Efflux Capacity / 361

Dyslipidemia / 361

Role of HDL Components / 364

Insulin Resistance / 365

Role of HDL Components / 367

Inflammation / 369

Cardiovascular Disease / 372

Pathophysiologic Relevance / 373

10.2 Antioxidative Activity / 373

Dyslipidemia / 373

Role of HDL Components / 374

Insulin Resistance / 376

Role of HDL Components / 376

Inflammation / 379

Infection / 380

Cardiovascular Disease / 380

Pathophysiologic Relevance / 381

10.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity / 382

Dyslipidemia / 382

Insulin Resistance / 385

Inflammation / 386

Cardiovascular Disease / 388

Pathophysiologic Relevance / 389

10.4 Cytoprotective Activity / 391

10.5 Vasodilatory Activity / 392

10.6 Anti-Infectious Activity / 394

10.7 Antithrombotic Activity / 395

SECTION 3 THERAPEUTIC NORMALIZATION OF SUBNORMAL LEVELS AND DEFECTIVE BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES OF HDL 417

11 ENHANCEMENT OF HDL FORMATION AND NORMALIZATION OF INTRAVASCULAR HDL REMODELING 423

11.1 Apolipoproteins / 423

11.2 Reconstituted HDL / 428

Effects on HDL Levels and Metabolism / 428

Effects on HDL Functionality / 430

Role of HDL Components / 432

11.3 Apolipoprotein-Mimetic Peptides / 434

Effects on HDL Levels and Metabolism / 434

Effects on HDL Functionality / 434

11.4 Statins / 440

Effects on HDL Levels and Metabolism / 440

Effects on HDL Functionality / 444

Clinical Trials / 446

11.5 PPAR Alpha Agonists / 447

Effects on HDL Levels / 447

Mechanisms of Action / 448

Effects on HDL Functionality / 451

Clinical Trials / 452

11.6 Nicotinic Acid / 454

Mechanisms of Action / 455

Clinical Trials / 458

Effects on HDL Functionality / 460

Adverse Effects / 461

11.7 CETP Inhibitors / 463

Torcetrapib / 464

Dalcetrapib / 467

Anacetrapib / 467

Effects on RCT / 469

Clinical Trials / 471

Effects on HDL Functionality / 474

11.8 Other Agents / 477

LXR Agonists / 477

PPAR Gamma Agonists / 478

Lipase Inhibitors / 479

sPLA2 Inhibitors / 480

Endothelial Lipase Inhibitors / 481

LpPLA2 Inhibitors / 481

SR-BI Inhibitors / 482

Others / 483

12 COMBINATION THERAPIES 524

12.1 Niacin and Statins / 524

12.2 Fibrates and Statins / 527

12.3 Other Combinations / 528

13 OTHER PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACHES 533

13.1 Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Antagonists / 533

13.2 Estrogens / 536

13.3 Others / 538

14 LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS 542

14.1 Exercise / 542

14.2 Alcohol / 546

14.3 Nutritional Factors / 548

Dietary Fats / 548

Cholesterol / 548

Phospholipids / 549

Saturated Fatty Acids / 549

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids / 550

PUFAs / 550

Carbohydrates / 552

Proteins / 553

Minor Dietary Components / 554

Polyphenols / 554

Vitamins / 556

Other Minor Components / 556

CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 572

INDEX 577