[eBook Code] CMOS Sigma-Delta Converters (eBook Code, 1st)

List of Abbreviations xvii

Preface xxi

Acknowledgements xxvii

1 Introduction to ΣΔ Modulators: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals 1

1.1 Basics of A/D Conversion 2

1.2 Basics of Sigma-Delta Modulators 8

1.3 Classification of ΣΔ Modulators 15

1.4 Single-Loop ΣΔ Modulators 16

1.5 Cascade ΣΔ Modulators 24

1.6 Multibit ΣΔ Modulators 29

1.7 Band-Pass ΣΔ Modulators 36

1.8 Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 41

1.9 Summary 49

2 Circuits and Errors: Systematic Analysis and Practical Design Issues 54

2.1 Nonidealities in Switched-Capacitor ΣΔ Modulators 55

2.2 Finite Amplifier Gain in SC-ΣΔMs 56

2.3 Capacitor Mismatch in SC-ΣΔMs 60

2.4 Integrator Settling Error in SC-ΣΔMs 62

2.5 Circuit Noise in SC-ΣΔMs 71

2.6 Clock Jitter in SC-ΣΔMs 75

2.7 Sources of Distortion in SC-ΣΔMs 76

2.8 Nonidealities in Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulators 80

2.9 Clock Jitter in CT-ΣΔMs 81

2.10 Excess Loop Delay in CT-ΣΔMs 85

2.11 Quantizer Metastability in CT-ΣΔMs 88

2.12 Finite Amplifier Gain in CT-ΣΔMs 89

2.13 Time-Constant Error in CT-ΣΔMs 92

2.14 Finite Integrator Dynamics in CT-ΣΔMs 94

2.15 Circuit Noise in CT-ΣΔMs 95

2.16 Sources of Distortion in CT-ΣΔMs 97

2.17 Case Study: High-Level Sizing of a ΣΔM 99

2.18 Summary 107

3 Behavioral Modeling and High-Level Simulation 110

3.1 Systematic Design Methodology of ΣΔ Modulators 110

3.2 Simulation Approaches for the High-Level Evaluation of ΣΔMs 113

3.3 Implementing ΣΔM Behavioral Models 118

3.4 Efficient Behavioral Modeling of ΣΔM Building Blocks using C-MEX S-Functions 134

3.5 SIMSIDES: A SIMULINK-Based Behavioral Simulator for ΣΔMs 159

3.6 Using SIMSIDES for the High-Level Sizing and Verification of ΣΔMs 167

3.7 Summary 183

4 Circuit-Level Design, Implementation, and Verification 186

4.1 Macromodeling ΣΔMs 186

4.2 Including Noise in Transient Electrical Simulations of ΣΔMs 199

4.3 Processing ΣΔM Output Results of Electrical Simulations 208

4.4 Design Considerations and Simulation Test Benches of ΣΔM Basic Building Blocks 213

4.5 Auxiliary ΣΔM Building Blocks 250

4.6 Layout Design, Floorplanning, and Practical Issues 257

4.7 Chip Package, Test PCB, and Experimental Set-Up 263

4.8 Summary 270

5 Frontiers of ΣΔ Modulators: Trends and Challenges 273

5.1 Overview of the State of the Art on ΣΔMs 274

5.2 Empirical and Statistical Analysis of State-of-the-Art ΣΔMs 291

5.3 Cutting-Edge ΣΔM Architectures and Techniques 300

5.4 Classification of State-of-the-Art References 319

5.5 Summary 319

A SIMSIDES User Guide 334

A.1 Getting Started: Installing and Running SIMSIDES 334

A.2 Building and Editing ΣΔM Architectures in SIMSIDES 335

A.3 Analyzing ΣΔMs in SIMSIDES 337

A.4 Example 345

A.5 Getting Help 354

B SIMSIDES Block Libraries and Models 355

B.1 Overview of SIMSIDES Libraries 355

B.2 Ideal Libraries 355

B.3 Real SC Building-Block Libraries 361

B.4 Real SI Building-Block Libraries 364

B.5 Real CT Building-Block Libraries 371

B.6 Real Quantizers and Comparators 382

B.7 Real D/A Converters 382

B.8 Auxiliary Blocks 384

Index 389