Radio Over Fiber for Wireless Communications: From Fundamentals to Advanced Topics (Hardcover)

Foreword ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xv

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Motivation 1

1.2 Basic Fi-Wi System Architecture 10

1.3 Major Issues 12

1.4 Other Fiber Feeder Approaches 13

1.5 Book Outline 14

2 Important Fi-Wi Link Elements 17

2.1 RF-Optical Modulation 17

2.2 The Fiber Channel 29

2.3 Optical Receiver 36

2.4 Brief Review of Baseband-RF Modulation Techniques 40

2.5 The Wireless Channel 42

3 Power Link Budget and Cumulating SNR 49

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 System Description 50

3.3 Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) 51

3.4 Cumulative Signal to Noise Ratio (cSNR) 57

3.5 RAP Design Considerations 58

3.6 Summary 62

4 An Improved Expression for Relative Intensity Noise 63

4.1 Basics 63

4.2 The Fundamental Noise Processes in Radio over Fiber Links 64

4.3 The Signal to Noise Ratio 69

4.4 Numerical Evaluation and Discussion 71

4.5 Summary 72

5 Subcarrier Multiplexed ROF Downlink 75

5.1 Introduction 75

5.2 Background 75

5.3 The ROF Downlink Channel 77

5.4 The Wireless Downlink Channel 91

5.5 Numerical Evaluation and Discussion 92

6 Subcarrier Multiplexed ROF Uplink 97

6.1 The Wireless Uplink Channel 97

6.2 The ROF Uplink Channel 99

6.3 Signals to Distortion, Interference and Noise Ratios 111

6.4 Numerical Evaluations and Discussion 113

6.5 Summary 115

7 Externally Modulated ROF Links 121

7.1 Mach-Zehnder Modulator 121

7.2 Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) 125

7.3 Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) 128

7.4 Optimization of the MZI Bias Voltage 128

7.5 Subcarrier Multiplexed Signals in MZI 135

8 DSP Modeling of the ROF Link Nonlinearity 141

8.1 Introduction 141

8.2 Various Attempts to Reduce NLD 142

8.3 DSP Approaches 144

8.4 Basics of DSP for Nonlinear Systems 146

8.5 Baseband Representation of a Passband Complex Nonlinear System 148

8.6 Nonlinear Modeling of Fi-Wi Link 149

9 Adaptive Compensation for the ROF Link Nonlinearity 151

9.1 Adaptive Modeling of the ROF Link 151

9.2 Asymmetric Compensation 159

9.3 Summary 169

10 Joint Estimation of the Fiber Wireless Channel 171

10.1  The Wiener and Hammerstein System Model for Fi-Wi Links 171

10.2 Fiber-Wireless Channel Estimation 172

10.3 Case Study 180

10.4 Summary 182

11 Joint Equalization for the Fiber Wireless Channel 185

11.1 Equalization of the Wireless Channel 185

11.2 Optimization of Polynomial Filter Parameters 189

11.3 Optimization of Linear Filter Parameters 191

11.4 Summary 196

12 Performance Evaluation of the Hammerstein type DFE 197

12.1 Evaluation of the Polynomial Filter 197

12.2 Evaluation of Linear Filters 203

12.3 Case Study 204

12.4 Summary 212

13 Multiuser CDMA Fi-Wi Systems 213

13.1 Multiuser Fi-Wi Uplink Model 213

13.2 Correlation Relationships 215

13.3 ROF Channel Estimation 220

13.4 Case Study 221

13.5 Fiber-Wireless Uplink Equalization 224

13.6 Equalization: Simulation Results and Discussion 225

13.7 Summary 227

14 Fi-Wi for 4G, 5G and OFDM Wireless Networks 229

14.1 Brief History of Cellular Communication Systems 230

14.2 Wireless Access Schemes 232

14.3 Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques 235

14.4 OFDM ROF System Improvement 237

14.5 Combinations of OFDMA and CDMA 241

14.6 Summary 242

References 243

References 248

List of Abbreviations 249