Fundamentals of Nursing Models, Theories and Practice (Paperback, 3)

Preface viii

Acknowledgements and Dedications x

How to Use Your Textbook xi

About the Companion Website xiv

Chapter 1 The Case for Nursing Theory 1

Introduction 1

The Necessity and Meaning of Theory 3

Theory Defined 4

Construction of Theory 8

Theory and Science of Nursing 9

Other Interpretations of Theory 11

Main Paradigms and Philosophies and Their Influence on the Development of Nursing Science 11

Theory and Practice of Nursing 13

Do We Really Need Theory? 14

Nursing Theories Today 15

Conclusion 17

Additional Reading 18

References 18

Chapter 2 Knowing in Nursing and Nursing Knowledge 21

Introduction 22

Definitions of Knowing and Knowledge 22

Philosophies of Knowledge 23

How Do Nurses Know? 32

Categories of Knowing 37

Mixed Methods 45

Conclusion 46

Useful Web Links 46

References 47

Chapter 3 Theory from Practice and Practice from Theory 49

Introduction 49

First Steps ? Reflecting on Theory 50

The Questions Begged 51

Developing Nursing Theory 51

Levels of Theory 53

The Relationship Between Theory and Practice 64

The Questions Begged ? Some Answers 71

Conclusion 72

Additional Reading 72

References 73

Chapter 4 Nursing Theories and New Nursing Roles 77

Introduction 77

Defining Role 78

Background to the Development of New Roles in Nursing 78

Some Implications of the New Nursing Roles 79

Using Theory to Understand New Roles in Nursing 80

Conclusion 88

Further Reading 88

References 89

Chapter 5 Nursing Theories or Nursing Models 93

Introduction 94

Reasons for Historical Nursing Theory Evolution 94

Model 96

Theory 97

Theory or Model? 98

The Classification of Theories 100

Current Trends in Nursing Theories 103

The Nursing Metaparadigm 103

Benefits of Nursing Theories 107

Limitations of Nursing Theories 110

Conclusions 112

Additional Reading 114

References 114

Chapter 6 Interpersonal Relationships: The Essence of Nursing Models and Theories 118

Introduction 119

Types of Interpersonal Relationships 119

Personal Knowing 121

Classifications of Interaction Theories According to Different Authors 123

Implications for Nurse Practice, Research and Education 127

Social Capital 128

Challenges to the Development of Interpersonal Relationships in Nursing and the Use of Interpersonal Theories 129

Conclusion 132

Additional Reading 132

Useful Web Links 133

References 133

Chapter 7 How to Select a Suitable Model or Theory for Practice 136

Introduction 137

Selecting an Appropriate Nursing Theory 138

Potential Problems when Selecting a Nursing Theory 139

Choosing a Suitable Nursing Theory 144

Nurses’ Own Philosophy as a Basis for Selecting a Theory 148

A Strategy for Choice 149

Who Should Select the Theory? 150

Nursing Theories Versus Theories Developed by Other Disciplines 150

Conclusion 152

Useful Web Links 154

References 154

Chapter 8 Research and Theory: A Reciprocal Relationship 156

Introduction 157

What is the Link Between Theory and Research? 159

Research in Nursing 160

Theory-Generating Research (TGR) 161

Theory-Testing Research (TTR) 165

Theory-Framed Research (TFR) 167

Theory-Evaluating Research (TER) 168

Strategies for Theory Development Through Research 172

Conclusions 176

Additional Reading 176

Useful Web Links 177

References 177

Chapter 9 Criteria for Theory Description, Analysis and Evaluation 179

Introduction 180

The Evaluator of a Nursing Theory 180

Significance of the Theory 181

Step 1: Theory Description 182

Step 2: Theory Analysis 184

Step 3: Theory Evaluation 190

Conclusion 196

Additional Reading 197

References 197

Appendix A The Metaparadigm Elements as Outlined in Twenty Nursing Grand Theories 199

Index 202